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| Format: | Preprint |
| Veröffentlicht: |
2026
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| Online-Zugang: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.04569 |
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| _version_ | 1866908939812077568 |
|---|---|
| author | Choi, Kang-Sin |
| author_facet | Choi, Kang-Sin |
| contents | In gauge theories, the mass of a field has been regarded as a purely on-shell concept: the pole mass is gauge-invariant, but the off-shell propagator has had no gauge-invariant definition of mass. We show that renormalization defines a gauge-invariant mass function at every virtuality, together with a gauge-invariant vertex. The virtual particle becomes as well defined as the on-shell one: the distinction is not dynamical but purely kinematic. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_04569 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | The Gauge-Invariant Mass Function Choi, Kang-Sin High Energy Physics - Theory In gauge theories, the mass of a field has been regarded as a purely on-shell concept: the pole mass is gauge-invariant, but the off-shell propagator has had no gauge-invariant definition of mass. We show that renormalization defines a gauge-invariant mass function at every virtuality, together with a gauge-invariant vertex. The virtual particle becomes as well defined as the on-shell one: the distinction is not dynamical but purely kinematic. |
| title | The Gauge-Invariant Mass Function |
| topic | High Energy Physics - Theory |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.04569 |