Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Krupiński, Krzysztof, Machado, Simon
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.04581
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1866911569377492992
author Krupiński, Krzysztof
Machado, Simon
author_facet Krupiński, Krzysztof
Machado, Simon
contents By a [$K$-]approximate subring of a ring we mean an additively symmetric subset $X$ such that $X \cdot X \cup (X + X)$ is covered by finitely many [resp.\ $K$] additive translates of $X$. We prove a structure theorem for finite approximate subrings. Our aim is to develop a general framework for the sum-product phenomenon that applies uniformly across arbitrary rings. The main result identifies nilpotent quotients as the fundamental obstruction to growth under both addition and multiplication. Another application of the main structure theorem is a ring-theoretic counterpart of Gromov's theorem on groups of polynomial growth. The principal tool in the proof is the existence of definable locally compact models for arbitrary approximate subrings from [Kru24]. This existence theorem extends beyond the finite (and pseudofinite) setting. To illustrate the scope of the method, we also establish a structure theorem for uniformly discrete approximate subrings of semi-simple real algebras, generalizing a classical sum-product result of Meyer.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_04581
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle On the structure of approximate rings
Krupiński, Krzysztof
Machado, Simon
Rings and Algebras
Combinatorics
Logic
By a [$K$-]approximate subring of a ring we mean an additively symmetric subset $X$ such that $X \cdot X \cup (X + X)$ is covered by finitely many [resp.\ $K$] additive translates of $X$. We prove a structure theorem for finite approximate subrings. Our aim is to develop a general framework for the sum-product phenomenon that applies uniformly across arbitrary rings. The main result identifies nilpotent quotients as the fundamental obstruction to growth under both addition and multiplication. Another application of the main structure theorem is a ring-theoretic counterpart of Gromov's theorem on groups of polynomial growth. The principal tool in the proof is the existence of definable locally compact models for arbitrary approximate subrings from [Kru24]. This existence theorem extends beyond the finite (and pseudofinite) setting. To illustrate the scope of the method, we also establish a structure theorem for uniformly discrete approximate subrings of semi-simple real algebras, generalizing a classical sum-product result of Meyer.
title On the structure of approximate rings
topic Rings and Algebras
Combinatorics
Logic
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.04581