Independent Recovery of Vanishing Sources on POSS-I Photographic Plates Using Automated Source Detection and Cross-Epoch Matching
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| _version_ | 1866918430107500544 |
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| author | Hayes, Zachary |
| author_facet | Hayes, Zachary |
| contents | We present an independent pipeline for detecting candidate vanished sources on digitized first-epoch Palomar Observatory Sky Survey (POSS-I) photographic plates. The pipeline detects and PSF-filters sources on POSS-I Red DSS cutouts, applies local astrometric registration refinement, and identifies candidates by cross-epoch matching against POSS-I Blue and POSS-II Red with Pan-STARRS DR1 rejection. On a 20-case benchmark harness, the pipeline recovers 8/9 sources in the April 1950 field and 3/3 in the July 1952 field, with a false positive rate of about 0.2 per 10 arcmin field on random non-crowded controls. A full-footprint sweep over the POSS-I coverage using 30 arcmin patches yields a filtered catalog of 2.85 million candidate vanished sources after post-processing PSF cuts, deduplication, and Pan-STARRS DR1 rejection. Cross-matching against the published 5,399-source Solano et al. (2022) catalog yields 3,450 matches (63.9%) with median separation 0.94 arcsec; among unrecovered catalog entries within our footprint, we find no Pan-STARRS DR1 counterpart within 3 arcsec. Applying Bruehl and Villarroel (2025)-style temporal windows to this catalog over the 368 POSS-I observation nights in the 1949-1957 interval gives a post-test calendar-day relative risk of 1.35 for the +1 day window, but the effect is not statistically significant (95% CI 0.91-2.00; two-sided Fisher p = 0.17) and is sensitive to coding unobserved days as zero-transient days. A negative binomial model of nightly candidate counts with nightly patch coverage as exposure is likewise null (IRR = 1.03, 95% CI 0.89-1.18, p = 0.71). The catalog-level replication is strong; the temporal association remains inconclusive. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_04810 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Independent Recovery of Vanishing Sources on POSS-I Photographic Plates Using Automated Source Detection and Cross-Epoch Matching Hayes, Zachary Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics Solar and Stellar Astrophysics We present an independent pipeline for detecting candidate vanished sources on digitized first-epoch Palomar Observatory Sky Survey (POSS-I) photographic plates. The pipeline detects and PSF-filters sources on POSS-I Red DSS cutouts, applies local astrometric registration refinement, and identifies candidates by cross-epoch matching against POSS-I Blue and POSS-II Red with Pan-STARRS DR1 rejection. On a 20-case benchmark harness, the pipeline recovers 8/9 sources in the April 1950 field and 3/3 in the July 1952 field, with a false positive rate of about 0.2 per 10 arcmin field on random non-crowded controls. A full-footprint sweep over the POSS-I coverage using 30 arcmin patches yields a filtered catalog of 2.85 million candidate vanished sources after post-processing PSF cuts, deduplication, and Pan-STARRS DR1 rejection. Cross-matching against the published 5,399-source Solano et al. (2022) catalog yields 3,450 matches (63.9%) with median separation 0.94 arcsec; among unrecovered catalog entries within our footprint, we find no Pan-STARRS DR1 counterpart within 3 arcsec. Applying Bruehl and Villarroel (2025)-style temporal windows to this catalog over the 368 POSS-I observation nights in the 1949-1957 interval gives a post-test calendar-day relative risk of 1.35 for the +1 day window, but the effect is not statistically significant (95% CI 0.91-2.00; two-sided Fisher p = 0.17) and is sensitive to coding unobserved days as zero-transient days. A negative binomial model of nightly candidate counts with nightly patch coverage as exposure is likewise null (IRR = 1.03, 95% CI 0.89-1.18, p = 0.71). The catalog-level replication is strong; the temporal association remains inconclusive. |
| title | Independent Recovery of Vanishing Sources on POSS-I Photographic Plates Using Automated Source Detection and Cross-Epoch Matching |
| topic | Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics Solar and Stellar Astrophysics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.04810 |