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Main Author: Hasan, Munawar
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.04876
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author Hasan, Munawar
author_facet Hasan, Munawar
contents Ensuring that artificial intelligence (AI) systems satisfy formal safety and policy constraints is a central challenge in safety-critical domains. While limitations of verification are often attributed to combinatorial complexity and model expressiveness, we show that they arise from intrinsic information-theoretic limits. We formalize policy compliance as a verification problem over encoded system behaviors and analyze it using Kolmogorov complexity. We prove an incompleteness result: for any fixed sound computably enumerable verifier, there exists a threshold beyond which true policy-compliant instances cannot be certified once their complexity exceeds that threshold. Consequently, no finite formal verifier can certify all policy-compliant instances of arbitrarily high complexity. This reveals a fundamental limitation of AI safety verification independent of computational resources, and motivates proof-carrying approaches that provide instance-level correctness guarantees.
format Preprint
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publishDate 2026
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spellingShingle Incompleteness of AI Safety Verification via Kolmogorov Complexity
Hasan, Munawar
Artificial Intelligence
Ensuring that artificial intelligence (AI) systems satisfy formal safety and policy constraints is a central challenge in safety-critical domains. While limitations of verification are often attributed to combinatorial complexity and model expressiveness, we show that they arise from intrinsic information-theoretic limits. We formalize policy compliance as a verification problem over encoded system behaviors and analyze it using Kolmogorov complexity. We prove an incompleteness result: for any fixed sound computably enumerable verifier, there exists a threshold beyond which true policy-compliant instances cannot be certified once their complexity exceeds that threshold. Consequently, no finite formal verifier can certify all policy-compliant instances of arbitrarily high complexity. This reveals a fundamental limitation of AI safety verification independent of computational resources, and motivates proof-carrying approaches that provide instance-level correctness guarantees.
title Incompleteness of AI Safety Verification via Kolmogorov Complexity
topic Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.04876