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Main Authors: Lu, Rong, Liu, Hao, Hou, Song
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.04997
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author Lu, Rong
Liu, Hao
Hou, Song
author_facet Lu, Rong
Liu, Hao
Hou, Song
contents This work presents a comparative analysis of embedding-based and generative models for classifying geoscience technical documents. Using a multi-disciplinary benchmark dataset, we evaluated the trade-offs between model accuracy, stability, and computational cost. We find that generative Vision-Language Models (VLMs) like Qwen2.5-VL, enhanced with Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting, achieve superior zero-shot accuracy (82%) compared to state-of-the-art multimodal embedding models like QQMM (63%). We also demonstrate that while supervised fine-tuning (SFT) can improve VLM performance, it is sensitive to training data imbalance.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_04997
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Evaluation of Embedding-Based and Generative Methods for LLM-Driven Document Classification: Opportunities and Challenges
Lu, Rong
Liu, Hao
Hou, Song
Information Retrieval
Artificial Intelligence
Computation and Language
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Machine Learning
This work presents a comparative analysis of embedding-based and generative models for classifying geoscience technical documents. Using a multi-disciplinary benchmark dataset, we evaluated the trade-offs between model accuracy, stability, and computational cost. We find that generative Vision-Language Models (VLMs) like Qwen2.5-VL, enhanced with Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting, achieve superior zero-shot accuracy (82%) compared to state-of-the-art multimodal embedding models like QQMM (63%). We also demonstrate that while supervised fine-tuning (SFT) can improve VLM performance, it is sensitive to training data imbalance.
title Evaluation of Embedding-Based and Generative Methods for LLM-Driven Document Classification: Opportunities and Challenges
topic Information Retrieval
Artificial Intelligence
Computation and Language
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.04997