Experimental Demonstration of an On-Chip CMOS-Integrated 3T-1MTJ Probabilistic Bit -- A P-Bit

Fuente: arXiv
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Auteurs principaux: Zhang, Xuejian, Daniel, John Arnesh Divakaruni, Dilley, Neil, Chen, Zhihong, Appenzeller, Joerg
Format: Preprint
Publié: 2026
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author Zhang, Xuejian
Daniel, John Arnesh Divakaruni
Dilley, Neil
Chen, Zhihong
Appenzeller, Joerg
author_facet Zhang, Xuejian
Daniel, John Arnesh Divakaruni
Dilley, Neil
Chen, Zhihong
Appenzeller, Joerg
contents Ongoing semiconductor scaling challenges and the rise of neuromorphic computing have sparked interest in exploring novel computing schemes to achieve higher power efficiency and computational capabilities. Probabilistic computing is one candidate that endows low power consumption, capability of solving probability-encoded computational problems, and the ease of integration with existing CMOS technology. A basic building block of this scheme is the probabilistic bit (P-Bit), which utilizes a novel device such as a stochastic magnetic tunnel junction (sMTJ) to generate tunable randomness by nature. This work presents the first experimental demonstration of a fully CMOS-integrated sMTJ-based P-Bit, capable of generating rail-to-rail stochastic output with a mere collection of 3 transistors + 1 sMTJ. Furthermore, simulations also confirm this P-Bit's functionality in probabilistic logic circuits. The demonstration of such P-Bit paves the way towards realizing monolithic large-scale probabilistic computing architecture on CMOS chips.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_05191
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Experimental Demonstration of an On-Chip CMOS-Integrated 3T-1MTJ Probabilistic Bit -- A P-Bit
Zhang, Xuejian
Daniel, John Arnesh Divakaruni
Dilley, Neil
Chen, Zhihong
Appenzeller, Joerg
Emerging Technologies
Ongoing semiconductor scaling challenges and the rise of neuromorphic computing have sparked interest in exploring novel computing schemes to achieve higher power efficiency and computational capabilities. Probabilistic computing is one candidate that endows low power consumption, capability of solving probability-encoded computational problems, and the ease of integration with existing CMOS technology. A basic building block of this scheme is the probabilistic bit (P-Bit), which utilizes a novel device such as a stochastic magnetic tunnel junction (sMTJ) to generate tunable randomness by nature. This work presents the first experimental demonstration of a fully CMOS-integrated sMTJ-based P-Bit, capable of generating rail-to-rail stochastic output with a mere collection of 3 transistors + 1 sMTJ. Furthermore, simulations also confirm this P-Bit's functionality in probabilistic logic circuits. The demonstration of such P-Bit paves the way towards realizing monolithic large-scale probabilistic computing architecture on CMOS chips.
title Experimental Demonstration of an On-Chip CMOS-Integrated 3T-1MTJ Probabilistic Bit -- A P-Bit
topic Emerging Technologies
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.05191