Unsupervised Multi-agent and Single-agent Perception from Cooperative Views

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Hauptverfasser: Yang, Haochen, Li, Baolu, Li, Lei, Ren, Delin, Guo, Jiacheng, Qin, Minghai, Zhang, Tianyun, Yu, Hongkai
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2026
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author Yang, Haochen
Li, Baolu
Li, Lei
Ren, Delin
Guo, Jiacheng
Qin, Minghai
Zhang, Tianyun
Yu, Hongkai
author_facet Yang, Haochen
Li, Baolu
Li, Lei
Ren, Delin
Guo, Jiacheng
Qin, Minghai
Zhang, Tianyun
Yu, Hongkai
contents The LiDAR-based multi-agent and single-agent perception has shown promising performance in environmental understanding for robots and automated vehicles. However, there is no existing method that simultaneously solves both multi-agent and single-agent perception in an unsupervised way. By sharing sensor data between multiple agents via communication, this paper discovers two key insights: 1) Improved point cloud density after the data sharing from cooperative views could benefit unsupervised object classification, 2) Cooperative view of multiple agents can be used as unsupervised guidance for the 3D object detection in the single view. Based on these two discovered insights, we propose an Unsupervised Multi-agent and Single-agent (UMS) perception framework that leverages multi-agent cooperation without human annotations to simultaneously solve multi-agent and single-agent perception. UMS combines a learning-based Proposal Purifying Filter to better classify the candidate proposals after multi-agent point cloud density cooperation, followed by a Progressive Proposal Stabilizing module to yield reliable pseudo labels by the easy-to-hard curriculum learning. Furthermore, we design a Cross-View Consensus Learning to use multi-agent cooperative view to guide detection in single-agent view. Experimental results on two public datasets V2V4Real and OPV2V show that our UMS method achieved significantly higher 3D detection performance than the state-of-the-art methods on both multi-agent and single-agent perception tasks in an unsupervised setting.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_05354
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Unsupervised Multi-agent and Single-agent Perception from Cooperative Views
Yang, Haochen
Li, Baolu
Li, Lei
Ren, Delin
Guo, Jiacheng
Qin, Minghai
Zhang, Tianyun
Yu, Hongkai
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
The LiDAR-based multi-agent and single-agent perception has shown promising performance in environmental understanding for robots and automated vehicles. However, there is no existing method that simultaneously solves both multi-agent and single-agent perception in an unsupervised way. By sharing sensor data between multiple agents via communication, this paper discovers two key insights: 1) Improved point cloud density after the data sharing from cooperative views could benefit unsupervised object classification, 2) Cooperative view of multiple agents can be used as unsupervised guidance for the 3D object detection in the single view. Based on these two discovered insights, we propose an Unsupervised Multi-agent and Single-agent (UMS) perception framework that leverages multi-agent cooperation without human annotations to simultaneously solve multi-agent and single-agent perception. UMS combines a learning-based Proposal Purifying Filter to better classify the candidate proposals after multi-agent point cloud density cooperation, followed by a Progressive Proposal Stabilizing module to yield reliable pseudo labels by the easy-to-hard curriculum learning. Furthermore, we design a Cross-View Consensus Learning to use multi-agent cooperative view to guide detection in single-agent view. Experimental results on two public datasets V2V4Real and OPV2V show that our UMS method achieved significantly higher 3D detection performance than the state-of-the-art methods on both multi-agent and single-agent perception tasks in an unsupervised setting.
title Unsupervised Multi-agent and Single-agent Perception from Cooperative Views
topic Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.05354