ICR-Drive: Instruction Counterfactual Robustness for End-to-End Language-Driven Autonomous Driving

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Hamid, Kaiser, Cui, Can, Liang, Nade
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Hamid, Kaiser
Cui, Can
Liang, Nade
author_facet Hamid, Kaiser
Cui, Can
Liang, Nade
contents Recent progress in vision-language-action (VLA) models has enabled language-conditioned driving agents to execute natural-language navigation commands in closed-loop simulation, yet standard evaluations largely assume instructions are precise and well-formed. In deployment, instructions vary in phrasing and specificity, may omit critical qualifiers, and can occasionally include misleading, authority-framed text, leaving instruction-level robustness under-measured. We introduce ICR-Drive, a diagnostic framework for instruction counterfactual robustness in end-to-end language-conditioned autonomous driving. ICR-Drive generates controlled instruction variants spanning four perturbation families: Paraphrase, Ambiguity, Noise, and Misleading, where Misleading variants conflict with the navigation goal and attempt to override intent. We replay identical CARLA routes under matched simulator configurations and seeds to isolate performance changes attributable to instruction language. Robustness is quantified using standard CARLA Leaderboard metrics and per-family performance degradation relative to the baseline instruction. Experiments on LMDrive and BEVDriver show that minor instruction changes can induce substantial performance drops and distinct failure modes, revealing a reliability gap for deploying embodied foundation models in safety-critical driving.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_05378
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle ICR-Drive: Instruction Counterfactual Robustness for End-to-End Language-Driven Autonomous Driving
Hamid, Kaiser
Cui, Can
Liang, Nade
Computation and Language
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Recent progress in vision-language-action (VLA) models has enabled language-conditioned driving agents to execute natural-language navigation commands in closed-loop simulation, yet standard evaluations largely assume instructions are precise and well-formed. In deployment, instructions vary in phrasing and specificity, may omit critical qualifiers, and can occasionally include misleading, authority-framed text, leaving instruction-level robustness under-measured. We introduce ICR-Drive, a diagnostic framework for instruction counterfactual robustness in end-to-end language-conditioned autonomous driving. ICR-Drive generates controlled instruction variants spanning four perturbation families: Paraphrase, Ambiguity, Noise, and Misleading, where Misleading variants conflict with the navigation goal and attempt to override intent. We replay identical CARLA routes under matched simulator configurations and seeds to isolate performance changes attributable to instruction language. Robustness is quantified using standard CARLA Leaderboard metrics and per-family performance degradation relative to the baseline instruction. Experiments on LMDrive and BEVDriver show that minor instruction changes can induce substantial performance drops and distinct failure modes, revealing a reliability gap for deploying embodied foundation models in safety-critical driving.
title ICR-Drive: Instruction Counterfactual Robustness for End-to-End Language-Driven Autonomous Driving
topic Computation and Language
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.05378