Learn to Rank: Visual Attribution by Learning Importance Ranking

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Schinagl, David, Fruhwirth-Reisinger, Christian, Prutsch, Alexander, Schulter, Samuel, Possegger, Horst
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Schinagl, David
Fruhwirth-Reisinger, Christian
Prutsch, Alexander
Schulter, Samuel
Possegger, Horst
author_facet Schinagl, David
Fruhwirth-Reisinger, Christian
Prutsch, Alexander
Schulter, Samuel
Possegger, Horst
contents Interpreting the decisions of complex computer vision models is crucial to establish trust and accountability, especially in safety-critical domains. An established approach to interpretability is generating visual attribution maps that highlight regions of the input most relevant to the model's prediction. However, existing methods face a three-way trade-off. Propagation-based approaches are efficient, but they can be biased and architecture-specific. Meanwhile, perturbation-based methods are causally grounded, yet they are expensive and for vision transformers often yield coarse, patch-level explanations. Learning-based explainers are fast but usually optimize surrogate objectives or distill from heuristic teachers. We propose a learning scheme that instead optimizes deletion and insertion metrics directly. Since these metrics depend on non-differentiable sorting and ranking, we frame them as permutation learning and replace the hard sorting with a differentiable relaxation using Gumbel-Sinkhorn. This enables end-to-end training through attribution-guided perturbations of the target model. During inference, our method produces dense, pixel-level attributions in a single forward pass with optional, few-step gradient refinement. Our experiments demonstrate consistent quantitative improvements and sharper, boundary-aligned explanations, particularly for transformer-based vision models.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_05819
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Learn to Rank: Visual Attribution by Learning Importance Ranking
Schinagl, David
Fruhwirth-Reisinger, Christian
Prutsch, Alexander
Schulter, Samuel
Possegger, Horst
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Machine Learning
Interpreting the decisions of complex computer vision models is crucial to establish trust and accountability, especially in safety-critical domains. An established approach to interpretability is generating visual attribution maps that highlight regions of the input most relevant to the model's prediction. However, existing methods face a three-way trade-off. Propagation-based approaches are efficient, but they can be biased and architecture-specific. Meanwhile, perturbation-based methods are causally grounded, yet they are expensive and for vision transformers often yield coarse, patch-level explanations. Learning-based explainers are fast but usually optimize surrogate objectives or distill from heuristic teachers. We propose a learning scheme that instead optimizes deletion and insertion metrics directly. Since these metrics depend on non-differentiable sorting and ranking, we frame them as permutation learning and replace the hard sorting with a differentiable relaxation using Gumbel-Sinkhorn. This enables end-to-end training through attribution-guided perturbations of the target model. During inference, our method produces dense, pixel-level attributions in a single forward pass with optional, few-step gradient refinement. Our experiments demonstrate consistent quantitative improvements and sharper, boundary-aligned explanations, particularly for transformer-based vision models.
title Learn to Rank: Visual Attribution by Learning Importance Ranking
topic Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.05819