LoRM: Learning the Language of Rotating Machinery for Self-Supervised Condition Monitoring

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Qin, Xiao, Song, Xingyi, Liu, Tong, Laalej, Hatim, Liu, Zepeng, Zhu, Yunpeng, He, Ligang
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Qin, Xiao
Song, Xingyi
Liu, Tong
Laalej, Hatim
Liu, Zepeng
Zhu, Yunpeng
He, Ligang
author_facet Qin, Xiao
Song, Xingyi
Liu, Tong
Laalej, Hatim
Liu, Zepeng
Zhu, Yunpeng
He, Ligang
contents We present LoRM (Language of Rotating Machinery), a self-supervised framework for multi-modal rotating-machinery signal understanding and real-time condition monitoring. LoRM is built on the idea that rotating-machinery signals can be viewed as a machine language: local signals can be tokenised into discrete symbolic units, and their future evolution can be predicted from observed multi-sensor context. Unlike conventional signal-processing methods that rely on hand-crafted transforms and features, LoRM reformulates multi-modal sensor data as a token-based sequence-prediction problem. For each data window, the observed context segment is retained in continuous form, while the future target segment of each sensing channel is quantised into a discrete token. Then, efficient knowledge transfer is achieved by partially fine-tuning a general-purpose pre-trained language model on industrial signals, avoiding the need to train a large model from scratch. Finally, condition monitoring is performed by tracking token-prediction errors as a health indicator, where increasing errors indicate degradation. In-situ tool condition monitoring (TCM) experiments demonstrate stable real-time tracking and strong cross-tool generalisation, showing that LoRM provides a practical bridge between language modelling and industrial signal analysis. The source code is publicly available at https://github.com/Q159753258/LormPHM.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_05863
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle LoRM: Learning the Language of Rotating Machinery for Self-Supervised Condition Monitoring
Qin, Xiao
Song, Xingyi
Liu, Tong
Laalej, Hatim
Liu, Zepeng
Zhu, Yunpeng
He, Ligang
Computation and Language
We present LoRM (Language of Rotating Machinery), a self-supervised framework for multi-modal rotating-machinery signal understanding and real-time condition monitoring. LoRM is built on the idea that rotating-machinery signals can be viewed as a machine language: local signals can be tokenised into discrete symbolic units, and their future evolution can be predicted from observed multi-sensor context. Unlike conventional signal-processing methods that rely on hand-crafted transforms and features, LoRM reformulates multi-modal sensor data as a token-based sequence-prediction problem. For each data window, the observed context segment is retained in continuous form, while the future target segment of each sensing channel is quantised into a discrete token. Then, efficient knowledge transfer is achieved by partially fine-tuning a general-purpose pre-trained language model on industrial signals, avoiding the need to train a large model from scratch. Finally, condition monitoring is performed by tracking token-prediction errors as a health indicator, where increasing errors indicate degradation. In-situ tool condition monitoring (TCM) experiments demonstrate stable real-time tracking and strong cross-tool generalisation, showing that LoRM provides a practical bridge between language modelling and industrial signal analysis. The source code is publicly available at https://github.com/Q159753258/LormPHM.
title LoRM: Learning the Language of Rotating Machinery for Self-Supervised Condition Monitoring
topic Computation and Language
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.05863