MedRoute: RL-Based Dynamic Specialist Routing in Multi-Agent Medical Diagnosis

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Vayani, Ashmal, Kulkarni, Parth Parag, Fioresi, Joseph, Wang, Song, Shah, Mubarak
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Vayani, Ashmal
Kulkarni, Parth Parag
Fioresi, Joseph
Wang, Song
Shah, Mubarak
author_facet Vayani, Ashmal
Kulkarni, Parth Parag
Fioresi, Joseph
Wang, Song
Shah, Mubarak
contents Medical diagnosis using Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) has gained increasing attention due to capability of these models in providing precise diagnoses. These models generally combine medical questions with visual inputs to generate diagnoses or treatments. However, they are often overly general and unsuitable under the wide range of medical conditions in real-world healthcare. In clinical practice, diagnosis is performed by multiple specialists, each contributing domain-specific expertise. To emulate this process, a potential solution is to deploy a dynamic multi-agent LMM framework, where each agent functions as a medical specialist. Current approaches in this emerging area, typically relying on static or predefined selection of various specialists, cannot be adapted to the changing practical scenario. In this paper, we propose MedRoute, a flexible and dynamic multi-agent framework that comprises of a collaborative system of specialist LMM agents. Furthermore, we add a General Practitioner with an RL-trained router for dynamic specialist selection, and a Moderator that produces the final decision. In this way, our framework closely mirrors real clinical workflows. Extensive evaluations on text and image-based medical datasets demonstrate improved diagnostic accuracy, outperforming the state-of-the-art baselines. Our work lays a strong foundation for future research. Code and models are available at https://github.com/UCF-CRCV/MedRoute/.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_06180
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle MedRoute: RL-Based Dynamic Specialist Routing in Multi-Agent Medical Diagnosis
Vayani, Ashmal
Kulkarni, Parth Parag
Fioresi, Joseph
Wang, Song
Shah, Mubarak
Image and Video Processing
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Machine Learning
Multiagent Systems
Medical diagnosis using Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) has gained increasing attention due to capability of these models in providing precise diagnoses. These models generally combine medical questions with visual inputs to generate diagnoses or treatments. However, they are often overly general and unsuitable under the wide range of medical conditions in real-world healthcare. In clinical practice, diagnosis is performed by multiple specialists, each contributing domain-specific expertise. To emulate this process, a potential solution is to deploy a dynamic multi-agent LMM framework, where each agent functions as a medical specialist. Current approaches in this emerging area, typically relying on static or predefined selection of various specialists, cannot be adapted to the changing practical scenario. In this paper, we propose MedRoute, a flexible and dynamic multi-agent framework that comprises of a collaborative system of specialist LMM agents. Furthermore, we add a General Practitioner with an RL-trained router for dynamic specialist selection, and a Moderator that produces the final decision. In this way, our framework closely mirrors real clinical workflows. Extensive evaluations on text and image-based medical datasets demonstrate improved diagnostic accuracy, outperforming the state-of-the-art baselines. Our work lays a strong foundation for future research. Code and models are available at https://github.com/UCF-CRCV/MedRoute/.
title MedRoute: RL-Based Dynamic Specialist Routing in Multi-Agent Medical Diagnosis
topic Image and Video Processing
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Machine Learning
Multiagent Systems
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.06180