Hamiltonian Constraints on Spontaneous Lorentz Symmetry Breaking in the Bumblebee Model
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| _version_ | 1866915935862915072 |
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| author | Zhu, Jie Li, Hao Xiao, Zhi |
| author_facet | Zhu, Jie Li, Hao Xiao, Zhi |
| contents | This study demonstrates that the common practice of determining spontaneous Lorentz violation via the minimum of a Lagrangian potential is generally incorrect. By analyzing the Hamiltonian structure and constraints of vector fields, we show that the true vacuum must be derived from the Hamiltonian density. We prove that the standard quadratic potential cannot consistently generate a vacuum expectation value (VEV), identifying a cubic potential as the simplest viable alternative. Furthermore, we prove that smooth potentials only support stable timelike or lightlike VEVs. These conclusions extend to higher-rank tensor fields and impose rigorous consistency constraints on higher-rank tensor fields and Lorentz-violating effective field theories. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_06271 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Hamiltonian Constraints on Spontaneous Lorentz Symmetry Breaking in the Bumblebee Model Zhu, Jie Li, Hao Xiao, Zhi High Energy Physics - Phenomenology General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology High Energy Physics - Theory This study demonstrates that the common practice of determining spontaneous Lorentz violation via the minimum of a Lagrangian potential is generally incorrect. By analyzing the Hamiltonian structure and constraints of vector fields, we show that the true vacuum must be derived from the Hamiltonian density. We prove that the standard quadratic potential cannot consistently generate a vacuum expectation value (VEV), identifying a cubic potential as the simplest viable alternative. Furthermore, we prove that smooth potentials only support stable timelike or lightlike VEVs. These conclusions extend to higher-rank tensor fields and impose rigorous consistency constraints on higher-rank tensor fields and Lorentz-violating effective field theories. |
| title | Hamiltonian Constraints on Spontaneous Lorentz Symmetry Breaking in the Bumblebee Model |
| topic | High Energy Physics - Phenomenology General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology High Energy Physics - Theory |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.06271 |