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Main Authors: Collier, Scott, Eberhardt, Lorenz, Rodriguez, Victor A.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.06301
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author Collier, Scott
Eberhardt, Lorenz
Rodriguez, Victor A.
author_facet Collier, Scott
Eberhardt, Lorenz
Rodriguez, Victor A.
contents We study the perturbative $S$-matrix of the $c=1$ string and show that it admits a description in terms of a double-scaled (0+0)-dimensional matrix integral based on the spectral curve $\mathsf{x}(z) = 2\sqrt{2}\cos(z)$, $\mathsf{y}(z)=\sin(z)$. Combined with the famous duality to matrix quantum mechanics, this establishes a triality between three formulations of the theory: the worldsheet description, matrix quantum mechanics, and a matrix integral. Starting from the intersection number expressions for the complex Liouville string, we derive closed-form Feynman rule expressions for the $c=1$ amplitudes as intersection numbers on the moduli space of Riemann surfaces. The intersection theory naturally computes amplitudes corresponding to a discretized target space where momentum is conserved only modulo an integer. The physical $S$-matrix elements are recovered by restriction to the first `Brillouin zone' and analytic continuation to Lorentzian kinematics. We prove that these amplitudes satisfy perturbative spacetime unitarity directly from the intersection theory expressions, and show that they satisfy a Mirzakhani-type recursion relation. We show detailed agreement with the known matrix quantum mechanics results, providing strong evidence for the triality.
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spellingShingle $c=1$ strings as a matrix integral
Collier, Scott
Eberhardt, Lorenz
Rodriguez, Victor A.
High Energy Physics - Theory
We study the perturbative $S$-matrix of the $c=1$ string and show that it admits a description in terms of a double-scaled (0+0)-dimensional matrix integral based on the spectral curve $\mathsf{x}(z) = 2\sqrt{2}\cos(z)$, $\mathsf{y}(z)=\sin(z)$. Combined with the famous duality to matrix quantum mechanics, this establishes a triality between three formulations of the theory: the worldsheet description, matrix quantum mechanics, and a matrix integral. Starting from the intersection number expressions for the complex Liouville string, we derive closed-form Feynman rule expressions for the $c=1$ amplitudes as intersection numbers on the moduli space of Riemann surfaces. The intersection theory naturally computes amplitudes corresponding to a discretized target space where momentum is conserved only modulo an integer. The physical $S$-matrix elements are recovered by restriction to the first `Brillouin zone' and analytic continuation to Lorentzian kinematics. We prove that these amplitudes satisfy perturbative spacetime unitarity directly from the intersection theory expressions, and show that they satisfy a Mirzakhani-type recursion relation. We show detailed agreement with the known matrix quantum mechanics results, providing strong evidence for the triality.
title $c=1$ strings as a matrix integral
topic High Energy Physics - Theory
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.06301