A Survey of Algorithm Debt in Machine and Deep Learning Systems: Definition, Smells, and Future Work

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Simon, Emmanuel Iko-Ojo, Hettiarachchi, Chirath, Fard, Fatemeh, Potanin, Alex, Suominen, Hanna
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Simon, Emmanuel Iko-Ojo
Hettiarachchi, Chirath
Fard, Fatemeh
Potanin, Alex
Suominen, Hanna
author_facet Simon, Emmanuel Iko-Ojo
Hettiarachchi, Chirath
Fard, Fatemeh
Potanin, Alex
Suominen, Hanna
contents The adoption of Machine and Deep Learning (ML/DL) technologies introduces maintenance challenges, leading to Technical Debt (TD). Algorithm Debt (AD) is a TD type that impacts the performance and scalability of ML/DL systems. A review of 42 primary studies expanded AD's definition, uncovered its implicit presence, identified its smells, and highlighted future directions. These findings will guide an AD-focused study, enhancing the reliability of ML/DL systems.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_06363
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle A Survey of Algorithm Debt in Machine and Deep Learning Systems: Definition, Smells, and Future Work
Simon, Emmanuel Iko-Ojo
Hettiarachchi, Chirath
Fard, Fatemeh
Potanin, Alex
Suominen, Hanna
Software Engineering
D.2
The adoption of Machine and Deep Learning (ML/DL) technologies introduces maintenance challenges, leading to Technical Debt (TD). Algorithm Debt (AD) is a TD type that impacts the performance and scalability of ML/DL systems. A review of 42 primary studies expanded AD's definition, uncovered its implicit presence, identified its smells, and highlighted future directions. These findings will guide an AD-focused study, enhancing the reliability of ML/DL systems.
title A Survey of Algorithm Debt in Machine and Deep Learning Systems: Definition, Smells, and Future Work
topic Software Engineering
D.2
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.06363