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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.06498 |
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| _version_ | 1866915921920000000 |
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| author | Lester, A. Morrison, N. Novotny, F. Schmoranzer, D. Peatáin, S. Ó Zavjalov, V. Tsepelin, V. Kafanov, S. |
| author_facet | Lester, A. Morrison, N. Novotny, F. Schmoranzer, D. Peatáin, S. Ó Zavjalov, V. Tsepelin, V. Kafanov, S. |
| contents | Turbulence in inviscid quantum fluids offers unparalleled access to the universal principles of non-equilibrium dynamics, spanning a vast range of length scales from macroscopic flow down to the individual vortex core. In the zero-temperature limit, the microscopic mechanism by which the turbulent energy cascade terminates in the absence of viscosity remains a foundational challenge in quantum hydrodynamics. While prevailing theoretical descriptions prioritize phonon emission, they fail to account for the strong interatomic correlations that give rise to the roton minimum in superfluid $^4\mathrm{He}$. Here, we report the direct observation of roton emission from a single quantized vortex using a high-quality-factor nanomechanical resonator at 10 mK. We identify a sharp onset of dissipation at a critical velocity, and measure the energy loss per cycle, which corresponds quantitatively to the roton gap energy. Our findings address the long-standing mystery of zero-temperature energy relaxation by establishing roton emission as the primary dissipation channel in strongly correlated quantum liquids. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_06498 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Observation of roton emission from a quantized vortex Lester, A. Morrison, N. Novotny, F. Schmoranzer, D. Peatáin, S. Ó Zavjalov, V. Tsepelin, V. Kafanov, S. Quantum Gases Turbulence in inviscid quantum fluids offers unparalleled access to the universal principles of non-equilibrium dynamics, spanning a vast range of length scales from macroscopic flow down to the individual vortex core. In the zero-temperature limit, the microscopic mechanism by which the turbulent energy cascade terminates in the absence of viscosity remains a foundational challenge in quantum hydrodynamics. While prevailing theoretical descriptions prioritize phonon emission, they fail to account for the strong interatomic correlations that give rise to the roton minimum in superfluid $^4\mathrm{He}$. Here, we report the direct observation of roton emission from a single quantized vortex using a high-quality-factor nanomechanical resonator at 10 mK. We identify a sharp onset of dissipation at a critical velocity, and measure the energy loss per cycle, which corresponds quantitatively to the roton gap energy. Our findings address the long-standing mystery of zero-temperature energy relaxation by establishing roton emission as the primary dissipation channel in strongly correlated quantum liquids. |
| title | Observation of roton emission from a quantized vortex |
| topic | Quantum Gases |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.06498 |