Accelerating 4D Hyperspectral Imaging through Physics-Informed Neural Representation and Adaptive Sampling

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Main Authors: Ho, Chi-Jui, Bhakta, Harsh, Xiong, Wei, Antipa, Nicholas
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Ho, Chi-Jui
Bhakta, Harsh
Xiong, Wei
Antipa, Nicholas
author_facet Ho, Chi-Jui
Bhakta, Harsh
Xiong, Wei
Antipa, Nicholas
contents High-dimensional hyperspectral imaging (HSI) enables the visualization of ultrafast molecular dynamics and complex, heterogeneous spectra. However, applying this capability to resolve spatially varying vibrational couplings in two-dimensional infrared (2DIR) spectroscopy, a type of coherent multidimensional spectroscopy (CMDS), necessitates prohibitively long data acquisition, driven by dense Nyquist sampling requirements and the need for extensive signal accumulation. To address this challenge, we introduce a physics-informed neural representation approach that efficiently reconstructs dense spatially-resolved 2DIR hyperspectral images from sparse experimental measurements. In particular, we used a multilayer perceptron (MLP) to model the relationship between the sub-sampled 4D coordinates and their corresponding spectral intensities, and recover densely sampled 4D spectra from limited observations. The reconstruction results demonstrate that our method, using a fraction of the samples, faithfully recovers both oscillatory and non-oscillatory spectral dynamics in experimental measurement. Moreover, we develop a loss-aware adaptive sampling method to progressively introduce potentially informative samples for iterative data collection while conducting experiments. Experimental results show that the proposed approach achieves high-fidelity spectral recovery using only $1/32$ of the sampling budget, as opposed to exhaustive sampling, effectively reducing total experiment time by up to 32-fold. This framework offers a scalable solution for accelerating any experiments with hypercube data, including multidimensional spectroscopy and hyperspectral imaging, paving the way for rapid chemical imaging of transient biological and material systems.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_06561
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Accelerating 4D Hyperspectral Imaging through Physics-Informed Neural Representation and Adaptive Sampling
Ho, Chi-Jui
Bhakta, Harsh
Xiong, Wei
Antipa, Nicholas
Image and Video Processing
Machine Learning
High-dimensional hyperspectral imaging (HSI) enables the visualization of ultrafast molecular dynamics and complex, heterogeneous spectra. However, applying this capability to resolve spatially varying vibrational couplings in two-dimensional infrared (2DIR) spectroscopy, a type of coherent multidimensional spectroscopy (CMDS), necessitates prohibitively long data acquisition, driven by dense Nyquist sampling requirements and the need for extensive signal accumulation. To address this challenge, we introduce a physics-informed neural representation approach that efficiently reconstructs dense spatially-resolved 2DIR hyperspectral images from sparse experimental measurements. In particular, we used a multilayer perceptron (MLP) to model the relationship between the sub-sampled 4D coordinates and their corresponding spectral intensities, and recover densely sampled 4D spectra from limited observations. The reconstruction results demonstrate that our method, using a fraction of the samples, faithfully recovers both oscillatory and non-oscillatory spectral dynamics in experimental measurement. Moreover, we develop a loss-aware adaptive sampling method to progressively introduce potentially informative samples for iterative data collection while conducting experiments. Experimental results show that the proposed approach achieves high-fidelity spectral recovery using only $1/32$ of the sampling budget, as opposed to exhaustive sampling, effectively reducing total experiment time by up to 32-fold. This framework offers a scalable solution for accelerating any experiments with hypercube data, including multidimensional spectroscopy and hyperspectral imaging, paving the way for rapid chemical imaging of transient biological and material systems.
title Accelerating 4D Hyperspectral Imaging through Physics-Informed Neural Representation and Adaptive Sampling
topic Image and Video Processing
Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.06561