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| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2026
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.06594 |
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| _version_ | 1866917389954711552 |
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| author | Peng, Shi-Guo Min, Jing Jiang, Kaijun |
| author_facet | Peng, Shi-Guo Min, Jing Jiang, Kaijun |
| contents | Directly accessing energy fluctuations in interacting quantum many-body systems remains a long-standing challenge, especially far from equilibrium. Here we show that in scale-invariant quantum gases with SO$(2,1)$ dynamical symmetry, the amplitude of the breathing mode provides a direct and quantitative probe of energy fluctuations. We establish an exact and universal relation between the oscillation amplitude and the energy fluctuation, with a dimensionless ratio fixed solely by the Bargmann index $k$, which labels the irreducible representation of the underlying SU$(1,1)$ algebra and thereby determines the structure of the many-body spectrum and dynamics. As a consequence, this relation is fully dictated by symmetry and remains independent of microscopic details and excitation protocols. Furthermore, we show that the excitation of breathing-mode states follows a universal statistical distribution governed by a single parameter, independent of the specific driving protocol. Our findings demonstrate that energy fluctuations, typically encoded in the many-body spectrum, can be directly accessed through collective dynamics, offering a symmetry-based route to probe nonequilibrium energy statistics in strongly interacting quantum systems. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_06594 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Breathing Modes as a Probe of Energy Fluctuations in a Unitary Fermi Gas Peng, Shi-Guo Min, Jing Jiang, Kaijun Quantum Gases Directly accessing energy fluctuations in interacting quantum many-body systems remains a long-standing challenge, especially far from equilibrium. Here we show that in scale-invariant quantum gases with SO$(2,1)$ dynamical symmetry, the amplitude of the breathing mode provides a direct and quantitative probe of energy fluctuations. We establish an exact and universal relation between the oscillation amplitude and the energy fluctuation, with a dimensionless ratio fixed solely by the Bargmann index $k$, which labels the irreducible representation of the underlying SU$(1,1)$ algebra and thereby determines the structure of the many-body spectrum and dynamics. As a consequence, this relation is fully dictated by symmetry and remains independent of microscopic details and excitation protocols. Furthermore, we show that the excitation of breathing-mode states follows a universal statistical distribution governed by a single parameter, independent of the specific driving protocol. Our findings demonstrate that energy fluctuations, typically encoded in the many-body spectrum, can be directly accessed through collective dynamics, offering a symmetry-based route to probe nonequilibrium energy statistics in strongly interacting quantum systems. |
| title | Breathing Modes as a Probe of Energy Fluctuations in a Unitary Fermi Gas |
| topic | Quantum Gases |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.06594 |