Dynamic Modeling of Data-Center Power Delivery for Power System Resonance Analysis
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arXiv
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| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2026
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| _version_ | 1866911574596255744 |
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| author | Zhao, Xingyu Zhao, Junbo |
| author_facet | Zhao, Xingyu Zhao, Junbo |
| contents | The rapid proliferation of data centers is reshaping modern power system dynamics. Unlike legacy industrial loads, data centers have power-electronic interfaces whose multi-timescale dynamics can interact strongly with the grid, inducing oscillatory behavior. However, analytical models that are grid-integratable for revealing the underlying resonance mechanisms remain largely unexplored. To fill this research gap, this paper derives an explicit, component-informed dynamic model of data-center power-delivery chains, which preserves component-level fidelity and captures inter-stage control interactions. This model is formulated as a time-invariant representation in the positive-sequence domain, enabling seamless integration with the phasor (or RMS) domain power-system dynamic models. The analytical derivation reveals how realistic server-load fluctuations at specific frequencies can excite coupled control modes, thereby inducing oscillation amplification and propagation in power grids with heterogeneous dynamic resources, including synchronous machines and grid-forming/following inverters. Case studies on test systems with some realistic data center data demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed solutions. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_06624 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Dynamic Modeling of Data-Center Power Delivery for Power System Resonance Analysis Zhao, Xingyu Zhao, Junbo Systems and Control The rapid proliferation of data centers is reshaping modern power system dynamics. Unlike legacy industrial loads, data centers have power-electronic interfaces whose multi-timescale dynamics can interact strongly with the grid, inducing oscillatory behavior. However, analytical models that are grid-integratable for revealing the underlying resonance mechanisms remain largely unexplored. To fill this research gap, this paper derives an explicit, component-informed dynamic model of data-center power-delivery chains, which preserves component-level fidelity and captures inter-stage control interactions. This model is formulated as a time-invariant representation in the positive-sequence domain, enabling seamless integration with the phasor (or RMS) domain power-system dynamic models. The analytical derivation reveals how realistic server-load fluctuations at specific frequencies can excite coupled control modes, thereby inducing oscillation amplification and propagation in power grids with heterogeneous dynamic resources, including synchronous machines and grid-forming/following inverters. Case studies on test systems with some realistic data center data demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed solutions. |
| title | Dynamic Modeling of Data-Center Power Delivery for Power System Resonance Analysis |
| topic | Systems and Control |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.06624 |