Dynamic Modeling of Data-Center Power Delivery for Power System Resonance Analysis

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Zhao, Xingyu, Zhao, Junbo
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Zhao, Xingyu
Zhao, Junbo
author_facet Zhao, Xingyu
Zhao, Junbo
contents The rapid proliferation of data centers is reshaping modern power system dynamics. Unlike legacy industrial loads, data centers have power-electronic interfaces whose multi-timescale dynamics can interact strongly with the grid, inducing oscillatory behavior. However, analytical models that are grid-integratable for revealing the underlying resonance mechanisms remain largely unexplored. To fill this research gap, this paper derives an explicit, component-informed dynamic model of data-center power-delivery chains, which preserves component-level fidelity and captures inter-stage control interactions. This model is formulated as a time-invariant representation in the positive-sequence domain, enabling seamless integration with the phasor (or RMS) domain power-system dynamic models. The analytical derivation reveals how realistic server-load fluctuations at specific frequencies can excite coupled control modes, thereby inducing oscillation amplification and propagation in power grids with heterogeneous dynamic resources, including synchronous machines and grid-forming/following inverters. Case studies on test systems with some realistic data center data demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed solutions.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_06624
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Dynamic Modeling of Data-Center Power Delivery for Power System Resonance Analysis
Zhao, Xingyu
Zhao, Junbo
Systems and Control
The rapid proliferation of data centers is reshaping modern power system dynamics. Unlike legacy industrial loads, data centers have power-electronic interfaces whose multi-timescale dynamics can interact strongly with the grid, inducing oscillatory behavior. However, analytical models that are grid-integratable for revealing the underlying resonance mechanisms remain largely unexplored. To fill this research gap, this paper derives an explicit, component-informed dynamic model of data-center power-delivery chains, which preserves component-level fidelity and captures inter-stage control interactions. This model is formulated as a time-invariant representation in the positive-sequence domain, enabling seamless integration with the phasor (or RMS) domain power-system dynamic models. The analytical derivation reveals how realistic server-load fluctuations at specific frequencies can excite coupled control modes, thereby inducing oscillation amplification and propagation in power grids with heterogeneous dynamic resources, including synchronous machines and grid-forming/following inverters. Case studies on test systems with some realistic data center data demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed solutions.
title Dynamic Modeling of Data-Center Power Delivery for Power System Resonance Analysis
topic Systems and Control
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.06624