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Main Authors: Fan, Wenqi, Wei, Ning, Xi, Rongyan, Bazzi, Ahmad, Xiu, Yue, Assi, Chadi, Dong, Jing, Jin, Jing
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.06697
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author Fan, Wenqi
Wei, Ning
Xi, Rongyan
Bazzi, Ahmad
Xiu, Yue
Assi, Chadi
Dong, Jing
Jin, Jing
author_facet Fan, Wenqi
Wei, Ning
Xi, Rongyan
Bazzi, Ahmad
Xiu, Yue
Assi, Chadi
Dong, Jing
Jin, Jing
contents The integration of multimodal sensing and millimeter-wave (mmWave) communications is a key enabler for highly mobile vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) networks. However, continuous high-resolution visual sensing incurs prohibitive computational energy, while delayed sensing information worsens beam misalignment. In this paper, we establish a physics-aware multimodel integrated sensing and communication (M-ISAC) framework that quantifies the mathematical trade-off between sensing energy and communication reliability using the semantic age of information (AoI). To address the coupled challenges of temporal AoI evolution and instantaneous non-convex constant modulus constraints, we propose a novel reinforcement learning approach empowered by a heterogeneous mixture-of-experts (RL-H-MoE) architecture. By strictly decoupling the temporal scheduling and spatial phase mapping, the RL-H-MoE avoids prevalent gradient conflicts in multi-task learning. Extensive simulations demonstrate that the proposed architecture achieves an optimal event-triggered sensing policy, significantly minimizing the long-term system cost while guaranteeing ultra-low sensing errors and reliable physical-layer link connectivity.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_06697
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Heterogeneous Mixture-of-Experts for Energy-Efficient Multimodal ISAC in Highly Mobile Networks
Fan, Wenqi
Wei, Ning
Xi, Rongyan
Bazzi, Ahmad
Xiu, Yue
Assi, Chadi
Dong, Jing
Jin, Jing
Signal Processing
The integration of multimodal sensing and millimeter-wave (mmWave) communications is a key enabler for highly mobile vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) networks. However, continuous high-resolution visual sensing incurs prohibitive computational energy, while delayed sensing information worsens beam misalignment. In this paper, we establish a physics-aware multimodel integrated sensing and communication (M-ISAC) framework that quantifies the mathematical trade-off between sensing energy and communication reliability using the semantic age of information (AoI). To address the coupled challenges of temporal AoI evolution and instantaneous non-convex constant modulus constraints, we propose a novel reinforcement learning approach empowered by a heterogeneous mixture-of-experts (RL-H-MoE) architecture. By strictly decoupling the temporal scheduling and spatial phase mapping, the RL-H-MoE avoids prevalent gradient conflicts in multi-task learning. Extensive simulations demonstrate that the proposed architecture achieves an optimal event-triggered sensing policy, significantly minimizing the long-term system cost while guaranteeing ultra-low sensing errors and reliable physical-layer link connectivity.
title Heterogeneous Mixture-of-Experts for Energy-Efficient Multimodal ISAC in Highly Mobile Networks
topic Signal Processing
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.06697