Emergence of Non-Markovian Classical-Quantum Dynamics from Decoherence
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| _version_ | 1866913015695147008 |
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| author | Tomizuka, Shogo Takeda, Hiroki |
| author_facet | Tomizuka, Shogo Takeda, Hiroki |
| contents | The quantum nature of gravity remains experimentally unverified, despite recent proposals to probe it using tabletop experiments such as gravity-mediated entanglement schemes. In parallel, consistent formulations of classical--quantum dynamics have been developed as alternative descriptions of gravity, in which quantum matter interacts with a classical mediator assumed to be fundamentally classical. In this work, we show that classical--quantum dynamics arise generically as an effective description of fully quantum systems under decoherence, providing a bridge between fully quantum and classical--quantum dynamics. We derive the reduced dynamics, which are generically non-Markovian, using an explicit hidden model in which the mediator is coupled to unobserved environmental degrees of freedom. We identify a concrete criterion for when a classical--quantum interpretation is valid: the semi-Wigner operator associated with the mediator sector must remain positive semidefinite, which can be expressed as a positivity condition on nonlocal kernels governing the evolution. In the short-memory limit, the reduced evolution reproduces Markovian classical--quantum dynamics of Oppenheim and collaborators. Our results imply that a classical mediator can arise effectively from decohered quantum dynamics, so that experimental agreement with classical-quantum models does not uniquely determine whether the mediator is fundamentally classical. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_06891 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Emergence of Non-Markovian Classical-Quantum Dynamics from Decoherence Tomizuka, Shogo Takeda, Hiroki Quantum Physics General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology High Energy Physics - Phenomenology High Energy Physics - Theory The quantum nature of gravity remains experimentally unverified, despite recent proposals to probe it using tabletop experiments such as gravity-mediated entanglement schemes. In parallel, consistent formulations of classical--quantum dynamics have been developed as alternative descriptions of gravity, in which quantum matter interacts with a classical mediator assumed to be fundamentally classical. In this work, we show that classical--quantum dynamics arise generically as an effective description of fully quantum systems under decoherence, providing a bridge between fully quantum and classical--quantum dynamics. We derive the reduced dynamics, which are generically non-Markovian, using an explicit hidden model in which the mediator is coupled to unobserved environmental degrees of freedom. We identify a concrete criterion for when a classical--quantum interpretation is valid: the semi-Wigner operator associated with the mediator sector must remain positive semidefinite, which can be expressed as a positivity condition on nonlocal kernels governing the evolution. In the short-memory limit, the reduced evolution reproduces Markovian classical--quantum dynamics of Oppenheim and collaborators. Our results imply that a classical mediator can arise effectively from decohered quantum dynamics, so that experimental agreement with classical-quantum models does not uniquely determine whether the mediator is fundamentally classical. |
| title | Emergence of Non-Markovian Classical-Quantum Dynamics from Decoherence |
| topic | Quantum Physics General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology High Energy Physics - Phenomenology High Energy Physics - Theory |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.06891 |