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Main Authors: Cui, Shaoxuan, Wang, Lingfei, Jardon-Kojakhmetov, Hildeberto, Johansson, Karl Henrik, Cao, Ming
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.06895
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author Cui, Shaoxuan
Wang, Lingfei
Jardon-Kojakhmetov, Hildeberto
Johansson, Karl Henrik
Cao, Ming
author_facet Cui, Shaoxuan
Wang, Lingfei
Jardon-Kojakhmetov, Hildeberto
Johansson, Karl Henrik
Cao, Ming
contents Many complex systems exhibit interactions that depend not only on pairwise connections, but also group structures and memory effects. To capture such effects, we develop a unified tensor framework for modeling higher-order Markov chains with memory. Our formulation introduces an even-order paired tensor that links folded and unfolded dynamics and characterizes their steady states and convergence. We further show that a Markov chain with memory can be approximated by a low-dimensional nonlinear tensor-based system and then provide a full system analysis. As an application, we define random walks on hypergraphs where memory naturally arises from the hyperedge structure, providing new tools for analyzing higher-order networks with time-dependent effects.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_06895
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Markov Chains and Random Walks with Memory on Hypergraphs: A Tensor-Based Approach
Cui, Shaoxuan
Wang, Lingfei
Jardon-Kojakhmetov, Hildeberto
Johansson, Karl Henrik
Cao, Ming
Systems and Control
Many complex systems exhibit interactions that depend not only on pairwise connections, but also group structures and memory effects. To capture such effects, we develop a unified tensor framework for modeling higher-order Markov chains with memory. Our formulation introduces an even-order paired tensor that links folded and unfolded dynamics and characterizes their steady states and convergence. We further show that a Markov chain with memory can be approximated by a low-dimensional nonlinear tensor-based system and then provide a full system analysis. As an application, we define random walks on hypergraphs where memory naturally arises from the hyperedge structure, providing new tools for analyzing higher-order networks with time-dependent effects.
title Markov Chains and Random Walks with Memory on Hypergraphs: A Tensor-Based Approach
topic Systems and Control
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.06895