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| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2026
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.07454 |
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| _version_ | 1866910113805107200 |
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| author | Heeck, Julian Zhi, Yu |
| author_facet | Heeck, Julian Zhi, Yu |
| contents | Q-balls are large bound-state systems of scalar particles, described classically through localized solutions of the equations of motion. Promoting the required stabilizing $U(1)$ symmetry to a gauge symmetry leads to gauged Q-balls, which cannot grow beyond some maximal size and charge on account of the repulsive gauge interactions. These gauged Q-balls have been studied extensively for scalar potentials that satisfy Coleman's thin-wall criterion; here, we explore gauged Q-balls in flat potentials, which often occur in supersymmetric models. Even though global Q-balls in flat potentials are qualitatively different from Coleman's Q-balls, we find that the gauged versions are remarkably similar. We provide analytic approximations for these solitons and compare to numerical solutions. In addition, we study Proca Q-balls, i.e. make the gauge bosons massive, which interpolates between the global and gauged cases. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_07454 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Gauged Q-balls in flat potentials Heeck, Julian Zhi, Yu High Energy Physics - Phenomenology High Energy Physics - Theory Q-balls are large bound-state systems of scalar particles, described classically through localized solutions of the equations of motion. Promoting the required stabilizing $U(1)$ symmetry to a gauge symmetry leads to gauged Q-balls, which cannot grow beyond some maximal size and charge on account of the repulsive gauge interactions. These gauged Q-balls have been studied extensively for scalar potentials that satisfy Coleman's thin-wall criterion; here, we explore gauged Q-balls in flat potentials, which often occur in supersymmetric models. Even though global Q-balls in flat potentials are qualitatively different from Coleman's Q-balls, we find that the gauged versions are remarkably similar. We provide analytic approximations for these solitons and compare to numerical solutions. In addition, we study Proca Q-balls, i.e. make the gauge bosons massive, which interpolates between the global and gauged cases. |
| title | Gauged Q-balls in flat potentials |
| topic | High Energy Physics - Phenomenology High Energy Physics - Theory |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.07454 |