EEG2Vision: A Multimodal EEG-Based Framework for 2D Visual Reconstruction in Cognitive Neuroscience

Fuente: arXiv
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Autori principali: Balloni, Emanuele, Frontoni, Emanuele, Matti, Chiara, Paolanti, Marina, Pierdicca, Roberto, Santarnecchi, Emiliano
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2026
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author Balloni, Emanuele
Frontoni, Emanuele
Matti, Chiara
Paolanti, Marina
Pierdicca, Roberto
Santarnecchi, Emiliano
author_facet Balloni, Emanuele
Frontoni, Emanuele
Matti, Chiara
Paolanti, Marina
Pierdicca, Roberto
Santarnecchi, Emiliano
contents Reconstructing visual stimuli from non-invasive electroencephalography (EEG) remains challenging due to its low spatial resolution and high noise, particularly under realistic low-density electrode configurations. To address this, we present EEG2Vision, a modular, end-to-end EEG-to-image framework that systematically evaluates reconstruction performance across different EEG resolutions (128, 64, 32, and 24 channels) and enhances visual quality through a prompt-guided post-reconstruction boosting mechanism. Starting from EEG-conditioned diffusion reconstruction, the boosting stage uses a multimodal large language model to extract semantic descriptions and leverages image-to-image diffusion to refine geometry and perceptual coherence while preserving EEG-grounded structure. Our experiments show that semantic decoding accuracy degrades significantly with channel reduction (e.g., 50-way Top-1 Acc from 89% to 38%), while reconstruction quality slight decreases (e.g., FID from 76.77 to 80.51). The proposed boosting consistently improves perceptual metrics across all configurations, achieving up to 9.71% IS gains in low-channel settings. A user study confirms the clear perceptual preference for boosted reconstructions. The proposed approach significantly boosts the feasibility of real-time brain-2-image applications using low-resolution EEG devices, potentially unlocking this type of applications outside laboratory settings.
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id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_08063
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle EEG2Vision: A Multimodal EEG-Based Framework for 2D Visual Reconstruction in Cognitive Neuroscience
Balloni, Emanuele
Frontoni, Emanuele
Matti, Chiara
Paolanti, Marina
Pierdicca, Roberto
Santarnecchi, Emiliano
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Reconstructing visual stimuli from non-invasive electroencephalography (EEG) remains challenging due to its low spatial resolution and high noise, particularly under realistic low-density electrode configurations. To address this, we present EEG2Vision, a modular, end-to-end EEG-to-image framework that systematically evaluates reconstruction performance across different EEG resolutions (128, 64, 32, and 24 channels) and enhances visual quality through a prompt-guided post-reconstruction boosting mechanism. Starting from EEG-conditioned diffusion reconstruction, the boosting stage uses a multimodal large language model to extract semantic descriptions and leverages image-to-image diffusion to refine geometry and perceptual coherence while preserving EEG-grounded structure. Our experiments show that semantic decoding accuracy degrades significantly with channel reduction (e.g., 50-way Top-1 Acc from 89% to 38%), while reconstruction quality slight decreases (e.g., FID from 76.77 to 80.51). The proposed boosting consistently improves perceptual metrics across all configurations, achieving up to 9.71% IS gains in low-channel settings. A user study confirms the clear perceptual preference for boosted reconstructions. The proposed approach significantly boosts the feasibility of real-time brain-2-image applications using low-resolution EEG devices, potentially unlocking this type of applications outside laboratory settings.
title EEG2Vision: A Multimodal EEG-Based Framework for 2D Visual Reconstruction in Cognitive Neuroscience
topic Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.08063