Approximation of the Basset force in the Maxey-Riley-Gatignol equations via universal differential equations

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Main Authors: Sommer, Finn, Rathi, Vamika, Goetschel, Sebastian, Ruprecht, Daniel
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Sommer, Finn
Rathi, Vamika
Goetschel, Sebastian
Ruprecht, Daniel
author_facet Sommer, Finn
Rathi, Vamika
Goetschel, Sebastian
Ruprecht, Daniel
contents The Maxey-Riley-Gatignol equations (MaRGE) model the motion of spherical inertial particles in a fluid. They contain the Basset force, an integral term which models history effects due to the formation of wakes and boundary layer effects. This causes the force that acts on a particle to depend on its past trajectory and complicates the numerical solution of MaRGE. Therefore, the Basset force is often neglected, despite substantial evidence that it has both quantitative and qualitative impact on the movement patterns of modelled particles. Using the concept of universal differential equations, we propose an approximation of the history term via neural networks which approximates MaRGE by a system of ordinary differential equations that can be solved with standard numerical solvers like Runge-Kutta methods.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_08194
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Approximation of the Basset force in the Maxey-Riley-Gatignol equations via universal differential equations
Sommer, Finn
Rathi, Vamika
Goetschel, Sebastian
Ruprecht, Daniel
Machine Learning
Numerical Analysis
68T07 (Primary) 65L05(Secondary)
The Maxey-Riley-Gatignol equations (MaRGE) model the motion of spherical inertial particles in a fluid. They contain the Basset force, an integral term which models history effects due to the formation of wakes and boundary layer effects. This causes the force that acts on a particle to depend on its past trajectory and complicates the numerical solution of MaRGE. Therefore, the Basset force is often neglected, despite substantial evidence that it has both quantitative and qualitative impact on the movement patterns of modelled particles. Using the concept of universal differential equations, we propose an approximation of the history term via neural networks which approximates MaRGE by a system of ordinary differential equations that can be solved with standard numerical solvers like Runge-Kutta methods.
title Approximation of the Basset force in the Maxey-Riley-Gatignol equations via universal differential equations
topic Machine Learning
Numerical Analysis
68T07 (Primary) 65L05(Secondary)
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.08194