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Main Authors: Xu, Haolei, Hong, Haiwen, Li, Hongxing, Zhou, Rui, Zhang, Yang, Huang, Longtao, Xue, Hui, Shen, Yongliang, Lu, Weiming, Zhuang, Yueting
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.08541
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author Xu, Haolei
Hong, Haiwen
Li, Hongxing
Zhou, Rui
Zhang, Yang
Huang, Longtao
Xue, Hui
Shen, Yongliang
Lu, Weiming
Zhuang, Yueting
author_facet Xu, Haolei
Hong, Haiwen
Li, Hongxing
Zhou, Rui
Zhang, Yang
Huang, Longtao
Xue, Hui
Shen, Yongliang
Lu, Weiming
Zhuang, Yueting
contents Multimodal Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models have achieved remarkable performance on vision-language tasks. However, we identify a puzzling phenomenon termed Seeing but Not Thinking: models accurately perceive image content yet fail in subsequent reasoning, while correctly solving identical problems presented as pure text. Through systematic analysis, we first verify that cross-modal semantic sharing exists in MoE architectures, ruling out semantic alignment failure as the sole explanation. We then reveal that visual experts and domain experts exhibit layer-wise separation, with image inputs inducing significant routing divergence from text inputs in middle layers where domain experts concentrate. Based on these findings, we propose the Routing Distraction hypothesis: when processing visual inputs, the routing mechanism fails to adequately activate task-relevant reasoning experts. To validate this hypothesis, we design a routing-guided intervention method that enhances domain expert activation. Experiments on three multimodal MoE models across six benchmarks demonstrate consistent improvements, with gains of up to 3.17% on complex visual reasoning tasks. Our analysis further reveals that domain expert identification locates cognitive functions rather than sample-specific solutions, enabling effective transfer across tasks with different information structures.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_08541
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Seeing but Not Thinking: Routing Distraction in Multimodal Mixture-of-Experts
Xu, Haolei
Hong, Haiwen
Li, Hongxing
Zhou, Rui
Zhang, Yang
Huang, Longtao
Xue, Hui
Shen, Yongliang
Lu, Weiming
Zhuang, Yueting
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Artificial Intelligence
Computation and Language
Multimodal Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models have achieved remarkable performance on vision-language tasks. However, we identify a puzzling phenomenon termed Seeing but Not Thinking: models accurately perceive image content yet fail in subsequent reasoning, while correctly solving identical problems presented as pure text. Through systematic analysis, we first verify that cross-modal semantic sharing exists in MoE architectures, ruling out semantic alignment failure as the sole explanation. We then reveal that visual experts and domain experts exhibit layer-wise separation, with image inputs inducing significant routing divergence from text inputs in middle layers where domain experts concentrate. Based on these findings, we propose the Routing Distraction hypothesis: when processing visual inputs, the routing mechanism fails to adequately activate task-relevant reasoning experts. To validate this hypothesis, we design a routing-guided intervention method that enhances domain expert activation. Experiments on three multimodal MoE models across six benchmarks demonstrate consistent improvements, with gains of up to 3.17% on complex visual reasoning tasks. Our analysis further reveals that domain expert identification locates cognitive functions rather than sample-specific solutions, enabling effective transfer across tasks with different information structures.
title Seeing but Not Thinking: Routing Distraction in Multimodal Mixture-of-Experts
topic Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Artificial Intelligence
Computation and Language
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.08541