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Main Authors: Trofimenko, Ilya, Kocharyan, David, Zaitsev, Aleksandr, Repnikov, Pavel, Levin, Mark, Shevtsov, Nikita
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.08562
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author Trofimenko, Ilya
Kocharyan, David
Zaitsev, Aleksandr
Repnikov, Pavel
Levin, Mark
Shevtsov, Nikita
author_facet Trofimenko, Ilya
Kocharyan, David
Zaitsev, Aleksandr
Repnikov, Pavel
Levin, Mark
Shevtsov, Nikita
contents Ensuring that Text-to-Speech (TTS) systems deliver human-perceived quality at scale is a central challenge for modern speech technologies. Human subjective evaluation protocols such as Mean Opinion Score (MOS) and Side-by-Side (SBS) comparisons remain the de facto gold standards, yet they are expensive, slow, and sensitive to pervasive assessor biases. This study addresses these barriers by formulating, and implementing a suite of novel neural models designed to approximate expert judgments in both relative (SBS) and absolute (MOS) settings. For relative assessment, we propose NeuralSBS, a HuBERT-backed model achieving 73.7% accuracy (on SOMOS dataset). For absolute assessment, we introduce enhancements to MOSNet using custom sequence-length batching, as well as WhisperBert, a multimodal stacking ensemble that combines Whisper audio features and BERT textual embeddings via weak learners. Our best MOS models achieve a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of ~0.40, significantly outperforming the human inter-rater RMSE baseline of 0.62. Furthermore, our ablation studies reveal that naively fusing text via cross-attention can degrade performance, highlighting the effectiveness of ensemble-based stacking over direct latent fusion. We additionally report negative results with SpeechLM-based architectures and zero-shot LLM evaluators (Qwen2-Audio, Gemini 2.5 flash preview), reinforcing the necessity of dedicated metric learning frameworks.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_08562
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Neural networks for Text-to-Speech evaluation
Trofimenko, Ilya
Kocharyan, David
Zaitsev, Aleksandr
Repnikov, Pavel
Levin, Mark
Shevtsov, Nikita
Computation and Language
Artificial Intelligence
Sound
Audio and Speech Processing
Ensuring that Text-to-Speech (TTS) systems deliver human-perceived quality at scale is a central challenge for modern speech technologies. Human subjective evaluation protocols such as Mean Opinion Score (MOS) and Side-by-Side (SBS) comparisons remain the de facto gold standards, yet they are expensive, slow, and sensitive to pervasive assessor biases. This study addresses these barriers by formulating, and implementing a suite of novel neural models designed to approximate expert judgments in both relative (SBS) and absolute (MOS) settings. For relative assessment, we propose NeuralSBS, a HuBERT-backed model achieving 73.7% accuracy (on SOMOS dataset). For absolute assessment, we introduce enhancements to MOSNet using custom sequence-length batching, as well as WhisperBert, a multimodal stacking ensemble that combines Whisper audio features and BERT textual embeddings via weak learners. Our best MOS models achieve a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of ~0.40, significantly outperforming the human inter-rater RMSE baseline of 0.62. Furthermore, our ablation studies reveal that naively fusing text via cross-attention can degrade performance, highlighting the effectiveness of ensemble-based stacking over direct latent fusion. We additionally report negative results with SpeechLM-based architectures and zero-shot LLM evaluators (Qwen2-Audio, Gemini 2.5 flash preview), reinforcing the necessity of dedicated metric learning frameworks.
title Neural networks for Text-to-Speech evaluation
topic Computation and Language
Artificial Intelligence
Sound
Audio and Speech Processing
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.08562