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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.08908 |
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| _version_ | 1866913021014573056 |
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| author | Liu, Xiyuan Wu, Qingqing Wang, Rui Peng, Qiaoyan Wu, Jun |
| author_facet | Liu, Xiyuan Wu, Qingqing Wang, Rui Peng, Qiaoyan Wu, Jun |
| contents | Beamforming design for extremely large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO) systems is challenging due to prohibitive computational complexity and complex near-field propagation effects.
To address this, this paper introduces a holographic beamforming paradigm that reformulates the design from optimizing variables at spatially discrete antenna locations to shaping a continuous electromagnetic wave function over the array aperture, effectively mitigating the growth of algorithmic complexity as the array scale increases.
We apply this paradigm to the challenging dual near-field (DNF) scenario, where strong transceiver coupling severely degrades conventional iterative algorithms. In this case, we propose a novel Virtual Point Source (VPS) method, which approximates the ideal wave function with a single and analytically tractable spherical-wave.
A rigorous geometric-optical analysis is provided to show that the optimal VPS location can be determined in a fully non-iterative manner, thus decoupling the coupled DNF problem.
The proposed method is demonstrated in an intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRS)-assisted system, where simulation results show that our non-iterative approach achieves performance comparable to converged alternating-optimization (AO) algorithms, while incurring significantly lower complexity and avoiding convergence uncertainty.
This work offers a new theoretical framework for holographic beamforming design in XL-MIMO systems. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_08908 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Continuous Wavefront Design via Virtual Point Sources: A Holographic Paradigm for Near-Field XL-MIMO Liu, Xiyuan Wu, Qingqing Wang, Rui Peng, Qiaoyan Wu, Jun Information Theory Beamforming design for extremely large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO) systems is challenging due to prohibitive computational complexity and complex near-field propagation effects. To address this, this paper introduces a holographic beamforming paradigm that reformulates the design from optimizing variables at spatially discrete antenna locations to shaping a continuous electromagnetic wave function over the array aperture, effectively mitigating the growth of algorithmic complexity as the array scale increases. We apply this paradigm to the challenging dual near-field (DNF) scenario, where strong transceiver coupling severely degrades conventional iterative algorithms. In this case, we propose a novel Virtual Point Source (VPS) method, which approximates the ideal wave function with a single and analytically tractable spherical-wave. A rigorous geometric-optical analysis is provided to show that the optimal VPS location can be determined in a fully non-iterative manner, thus decoupling the coupled DNF problem. The proposed method is demonstrated in an intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRS)-assisted system, where simulation results show that our non-iterative approach achieves performance comparable to converged alternating-optimization (AO) algorithms, while incurring significantly lower complexity and avoiding convergence uncertainty. This work offers a new theoretical framework for holographic beamforming design in XL-MIMO systems. |
| title | Continuous Wavefront Design via Virtual Point Sources: A Holographic Paradigm for Near-Field XL-MIMO |
| topic | Information Theory |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.08908 |