Finding Nemo-Nemo: CFT DAG-based Consensus in the WAN

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Kerur, Rithwik, Tennage, Pasindu, Jovanovic, Philipp, Malkhi, Dahlia, Sonnino, Alberto, Zablotchi, Igor
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Kerur, Rithwik
Tennage, Pasindu
Jovanovic, Philipp
Malkhi, Dahlia
Sonnino, Alberto
Zablotchi, Igor
author_facet Kerur, Rithwik
Tennage, Pasindu
Jovanovic, Philipp
Malkhi, Dahlia
Sonnino, Alberto
Zablotchi, Igor
contents This paper introduces Nemo-Nemo, a practical crash-fault tolerant (CFT) consensus protocol designed to outperform existing protocols in wide-area networks by bridging design principles from the CFT and Byzantine-fault tolerant (BFT) worlds. By structuring command propagation through a causally ordered DAG, Nemo-Nemo allows all consensus replicas to propose commands with a naturally self-regulating communication regime. By exploiting multi-leader architecture, Nemo-Nemo avoids the performance bottleneck inherent to single-leader protocols. By separating command dissemination from consensus logic, Nemo-Nemo handles challenging network conditions even when consensus commits are stalled. Moreover, leader proposals that miss a deadline are never dropped, but deterministically deferred and executed later, preserving throughput under transient network delays. And by enabling Nemo-Nemo to commit on a DAG in just two network hops, it matches the latency of existing CFT systems, while achieving significantly higher throughput. The result is a robust, deployable system: the first DAG-based CFT consensus protocol proven to exceed state-of-the-art wide-area network performance in both speed and resilience.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_08914
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Finding Nemo-Nemo: CFT DAG-based Consensus in the WAN
Kerur, Rithwik
Tennage, Pasindu
Jovanovic, Philipp
Malkhi, Dahlia
Sonnino, Alberto
Zablotchi, Igor
Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing
This paper introduces Nemo-Nemo, a practical crash-fault tolerant (CFT) consensus protocol designed to outperform existing protocols in wide-area networks by bridging design principles from the CFT and Byzantine-fault tolerant (BFT) worlds. By structuring command propagation through a causally ordered DAG, Nemo-Nemo allows all consensus replicas to propose commands with a naturally self-regulating communication regime. By exploiting multi-leader architecture, Nemo-Nemo avoids the performance bottleneck inherent to single-leader protocols. By separating command dissemination from consensus logic, Nemo-Nemo handles challenging network conditions even when consensus commits are stalled. Moreover, leader proposals that miss a deadline are never dropped, but deterministically deferred and executed later, preserving throughput under transient network delays. And by enabling Nemo-Nemo to commit on a DAG in just two network hops, it matches the latency of existing CFT systems, while achieving significantly higher throughput. The result is a robust, deployable system: the first DAG-based CFT consensus protocol proven to exceed state-of-the-art wide-area network performance in both speed and resilience.
title Finding Nemo-Nemo: CFT DAG-based Consensus in the WAN
topic Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.08914