_version_ 1866915929756008448
author Borexino collaboration
Basilico, D.
Bellini, G.
Benziger, J.
Biondi, R.
Caccianiga, B.
Caminata, A.
Chepurnov, A.
Angelo, D. D
Derbin, A.
Di Giacinto, A.
Di Marcello, V.
Ding, X. F.
Di Ludovico, A.
Di Noto, L.
Drachnev, I.
Franco, D.
Galbiati, C.
Ghiano, C.
Giammarchi, M.
Goretti, A.
Gromov, M.
Guffanti, D.
Ianni, Aldo
Ianni, Andrea
Jany, A.
Kobychev, V.
Korga, G.
Kumaran, S.
Laubenstein, M.
Litvinovich, E.
Lombardi, P.
Lomskaya, I.
Ludhova, L.
Machulin, I.
Martyn, J.
Meroni, E.
Miramonti, L.
Misiaszek, M.
Muratova, V.
Oberauer, L.
Orekhov, V.
Ortica, F.
Pallavicini, M.
Pelicci, L.
Penek, O.
Pietrofaccia, L.
Pilipenko, N.
Pocar, A.
Raikov, G.
Ranalli, M. T.
Ranucci, G.
Razeto, A.
Re, A.
Rossi, N.
Schonert, S.
Semenov, D.
Settanta, G.
Skorokhvatov, M.
Singhal, A.
Smirnov, O.
Sotnikov, A.
Tartaglia, R.
Testera, G.
Unzhakov, E.
Vishneva, A.
Vogelaar, R. B.
von Feilitzsch, F.
Wojcik, M.
Wurm, M.
Zavatarelli, S.
Zuber, K.
Zuzel, G.
author_facet Borexino collaboration
Basilico, D.
Bellini, G.
Benziger, J.
Biondi, R.
Caccianiga, B.
Caminata, A.
Chepurnov, A.
Angelo, D. D
Derbin, A.
Di Giacinto, A.
Di Marcello, V.
Ding, X. F.
Di Ludovico, A.
Di Noto, L.
Drachnev, I.
Franco, D.
Galbiati, C.
Ghiano, C.
Giammarchi, M.
Goretti, A.
Gromov, M.
Guffanti, D.
Ianni, Aldo
Ianni, Andrea
Jany, A.
Kobychev, V.
Korga, G.
Kumaran, S.
Laubenstein, M.
Litvinovich, E.
Lombardi, P.
Lomskaya, I.
Ludhova, L.
Machulin, I.
Martyn, J.
Meroni, E.
Miramonti, L.
Misiaszek, M.
Muratova, V.
Oberauer, L.
Orekhov, V.
Ortica, F.
Pallavicini, M.
Pelicci, L.
Penek, O.
Pietrofaccia, L.
Pilipenko, N.
Pocar, A.
Raikov, G.
Ranalli, M. T.
Ranucci, G.
Razeto, A.
Re, A.
Rossi, N.
Schonert, S.
Semenov, D.
Settanta, G.
Skorokhvatov, M.
Singhal, A.
Smirnov, O.
Sotnikov, A.
Tartaglia, R.
Testera, G.
Unzhakov, E.
Vishneva, A.
Vogelaar, R. B.
von Feilitzsch, F.
Wojcik, M.
Wurm, M.
Zavatarelli, S.
Zuber, K.
Zuzel, G.
contents The Pauli exclusion principle (PEP) was tested for nucleons in $\rm{^{12}C}$ nuclei using the Borexino dataset from 2007 to 2021. %the complete Borexino detector data. The approach consists of searching for $γ$-quanta, neutrons, protons, as well as electrons and positrons emitted in non-Paulian transitions of nucleons from the $1P_{3/2}$ shell to the filled $1S_{1/2}$ shell. Due to the uniquely low background level, the large mass, and long measurement time of the Borexino detector, the most stringent experimental constraints to date on the lifetime of the $\rm{^{12}C}$ nucleus with respect to PEP-forbidden transitions were obtained: $τ({^{12}\rm{C}}\rightarrow{^{12}\widetilde{\rm{C}}}+γ) \geq {1.1\times10^{32}}$ y, $τ({^{12}\rm{C}}\rightarrow{^{11}\widetilde{\rm{B}}}+ p) \geq {1.0\times10^{31}}$ y, $τ({^{12}\rm{C}}\rightarrow{^{11}\widetilde{\rm{C}}}+ n) \geq 2.0 \times 10^{31}$ y, $τ({^{12}\rm{C}}\rightarrow{^{12}\widetilde{\rm{N}}}+ e^- + \widetilde{ν_e}) \geq 6.4 \times 10^{30}$ y and $τ({^{12}\rm{C}}\rightarrow{^{12}\widetilde{\rm{B}}}+ e^+ + ν_e) \geq 6.6 \times 10^{30}$ y (90\% C.L.). The upper limits on the relative strengths for the non-Paulian electromagnetic, strong, and weak transitions have been obtained: $δ^2_γ\leq 1.0\times 10^{-57}$, $δ^2_{N}\leq 7.0\times 10^{-61}$ and $δ^2_β\leq 9.6\times 10^{-36}$, all at 90\% C.L..
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_08950
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle New limits on the Pauli forbidden transitions in 12C nuclei obtained with the complete Borexino dataset
Borexino collaboration
Basilico, D.
Bellini, G.
Benziger, J.
Biondi, R.
Caccianiga, B.
Caminata, A.
Chepurnov, A.
Angelo, D. D
Derbin, A.
Di Giacinto, A.
Di Marcello, V.
Ding, X. F.
Di Ludovico, A.
Di Noto, L.
Drachnev, I.
Franco, D.
Galbiati, C.
Ghiano, C.
Giammarchi, M.
Goretti, A.
Gromov, M.
Guffanti, D.
Ianni, Aldo
Ianni, Andrea
Jany, A.
Kobychev, V.
Korga, G.
Kumaran, S.
Laubenstein, M.
Litvinovich, E.
Lombardi, P.
Lomskaya, I.
Ludhova, L.
Machulin, I.
Martyn, J.
Meroni, E.
Miramonti, L.
Misiaszek, M.
Muratova, V.
Oberauer, L.
Orekhov, V.
Ortica, F.
Pallavicini, M.
Pelicci, L.
Penek, O.
Pietrofaccia, L.
Pilipenko, N.
Pocar, A.
Raikov, G.
Ranalli, M. T.
Ranucci, G.
Razeto, A.
Re, A.
Rossi, N.
Schonert, S.
Semenov, D.
Settanta, G.
Skorokhvatov, M.
Singhal, A.
Smirnov, O.
Sotnikov, A.
Tartaglia, R.
Testera, G.
Unzhakov, E.
Vishneva, A.
Vogelaar, R. B.
von Feilitzsch, F.
Wojcik, M.
Wurm, M.
Zavatarelli, S.
Zuber, K.
Zuzel, G.
Nuclear Experiment
High Energy Physics - Experiment
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
The Pauli exclusion principle (PEP) was tested for nucleons in $\rm{^{12}C}$ nuclei using the Borexino dataset from 2007 to 2021. %the complete Borexino detector data. The approach consists of searching for $γ$-quanta, neutrons, protons, as well as electrons and positrons emitted in non-Paulian transitions of nucleons from the $1P_{3/2}$ shell to the filled $1S_{1/2}$ shell. Due to the uniquely low background level, the large mass, and long measurement time of the Borexino detector, the most stringent experimental constraints to date on the lifetime of the $\rm{^{12}C}$ nucleus with respect to PEP-forbidden transitions were obtained: $τ({^{12}\rm{C}}\rightarrow{^{12}\widetilde{\rm{C}}}+γ) \geq {1.1\times10^{32}}$ y, $τ({^{12}\rm{C}}\rightarrow{^{11}\widetilde{\rm{B}}}+ p) \geq {1.0\times10^{31}}$ y, $τ({^{12}\rm{C}}\rightarrow{^{11}\widetilde{\rm{C}}}+ n) \geq 2.0 \times 10^{31}$ y, $τ({^{12}\rm{C}}\rightarrow{^{12}\widetilde{\rm{N}}}+ e^- + \widetilde{ν_e}) \geq 6.4 \times 10^{30}$ y and $τ({^{12}\rm{C}}\rightarrow{^{12}\widetilde{\rm{B}}}+ e^+ + ν_e) \geq 6.6 \times 10^{30}$ y (90\% C.L.). The upper limits on the relative strengths for the non-Paulian electromagnetic, strong, and weak transitions have been obtained: $δ^2_γ\leq 1.0\times 10^{-57}$, $δ^2_{N}\leq 7.0\times 10^{-61}$ and $δ^2_β\leq 9.6\times 10^{-36}$, all at 90\% C.L..
title New limits on the Pauli forbidden transitions in 12C nuclei obtained with the complete Borexino dataset
topic Nuclear Experiment
High Energy Physics - Experiment
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.08950