TriDeliver: Cooperative Air-Ground Instant Delivery with UAVs, Couriers, and Crowdsourced Ground Vehicles

Fuente: arXiv
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Hauptverfasser: Gao, Junhui, Pan, Yan, Wang, Qianru, Hou, Wenzhe, Deng, Yiqin, Jiang, Liangliang, Fang, Yuguang
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2026
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author Gao, Junhui
Pan, Yan
Wang, Qianru
Hou, Wenzhe
Deng, Yiqin
Jiang, Liangliang
Fang, Yuguang
author_facet Gao, Junhui
Pan, Yan
Wang, Qianru
Hou, Wenzhe
Deng, Yiqin
Jiang, Liangliang
Fang, Yuguang
contents Instant delivery, shipping items before critical deadlines, is essential in daily life. While multiple delivery agents, such as couriers, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), and crowdsourced agents, have been widely employed, each of them faces inherent limitations (e.g., low efficiency/labor shortages, flight control, and dynamic capabilities, respectively), preventing them from meeting the surging demands alone. This paper proposes TriDeliver, the first hierarchical cooperative framework, integrating human couriers, UAVs, and crowdsourced ground vehicles (GVs) for efficient instant delivery. To obtain the initial scheduling knowledge for GVs and UAVs as well as improve the cooperative delivery performance, we design a Transfer Learning (TL)-based algorithm to extract delivery knowledge from couriers' behavioral history and transfer their knowledge to UAVs and GVs with fine-tunings, which is then used to dispatch parcels for efficient delivery. Evaluated on one-month real-world trajectory and delivery datasets, it has been demonstrated that 1) by integrating couriers, UAVs, and crowdsourced GVs, TriDeliver reduces the delivery cost by $65.8\%$ versus state-of-the-art cooperative delivery by UAVs and couriers; 2) TriDeliver achieves further improvements in terms of delivery time ($-17.7\%$), delivery cost ($-9.8\%$), and impacts on original tasks of crowdsourced GVs ($-43.6\%$), even with the representation of the transferred knowledge by simple neural networks, respectively.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_09049
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle TriDeliver: Cooperative Air-Ground Instant Delivery with UAVs, Couriers, and Crowdsourced Ground Vehicles
Gao, Junhui
Pan, Yan
Wang, Qianru
Hou, Wenzhe
Deng, Yiqin
Jiang, Liangliang
Fang, Yuguang
Robotics
Human-Computer Interaction
Instant delivery, shipping items before critical deadlines, is essential in daily life. While multiple delivery agents, such as couriers, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), and crowdsourced agents, have been widely employed, each of them faces inherent limitations (e.g., low efficiency/labor shortages, flight control, and dynamic capabilities, respectively), preventing them from meeting the surging demands alone. This paper proposes TriDeliver, the first hierarchical cooperative framework, integrating human couriers, UAVs, and crowdsourced ground vehicles (GVs) for efficient instant delivery. To obtain the initial scheduling knowledge for GVs and UAVs as well as improve the cooperative delivery performance, we design a Transfer Learning (TL)-based algorithm to extract delivery knowledge from couriers' behavioral history and transfer their knowledge to UAVs and GVs with fine-tunings, which is then used to dispatch parcels for efficient delivery. Evaluated on one-month real-world trajectory and delivery datasets, it has been demonstrated that 1) by integrating couriers, UAVs, and crowdsourced GVs, TriDeliver reduces the delivery cost by $65.8\%$ versus state-of-the-art cooperative delivery by UAVs and couriers; 2) TriDeliver achieves further improvements in terms of delivery time ($-17.7\%$), delivery cost ($-9.8\%$), and impacts on original tasks of crowdsourced GVs ($-43.6\%$), even with the representation of the transferred knowledge by simple neural networks, respectively.
title TriDeliver: Cooperative Air-Ground Instant Delivery with UAVs, Couriers, and Crowdsourced Ground Vehicles
topic Robotics
Human-Computer Interaction
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.09049