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Main Authors: Chen, Yu, Lv, Weijun, Huang, Yue, Fang, Xiaozhao, Wen, Jie, Xu, Yong, Li, Guanbin
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.09064
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author Chen, Yu
Lv, Weijun
Huang, Yue
Fang, Xiaozhao
Wen, Jie
Xu, Yong
Li, Guanbin
author_facet Chen, Yu
Lv, Weijun
Huang, Yue
Fang, Xiaozhao
Wen, Jie
Xu, Yong
Li, Guanbin
contents In partial multi-label learning (PML), each instance is associated with a set of candidate labels containing both ground-truth and noisy labels. The presence of noisy labels disrupts the correspondence between features and labels, degrading classification performance. To address this challenge, we propose a novel PML method based on feature-label modal alignment (PML-MA), which treats features and labels as two complementary modalities and restores their consistency through systematic alignment. Specifically, PML-MA first employs low-rank orthogonal decomposition to generate pseudo-labels that approximate the true label distribution by filtering noisy labels. It then aligns features and pseudo-labels through both global projection into a common subspace and local preservation of neighborhood structures. Finally, a multi-peak class prototype learning mechanism leverages the multi-label nature where instances simultaneously belong to multiple categories, using pseudo-labels as soft membership weights to enhance discriminability. By integrating modal alignment with prototype-guided refinement, PML-MA ensures pseudo-labels better reflect the true distribution while maintaining robustness against label noise. Extensive experiments on both real-world and synthetic datasets demonstrate that PML-MA significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods, achieving superior classification accuracy and noise robustness.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_09064
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Feature-Label Modal Alignment for Robust Partial Multi-Label Learning
Chen, Yu
Lv, Weijun
Huang, Yue
Fang, Xiaozhao
Wen, Jie
Xu, Yong
Li, Guanbin
Machine Learning
In partial multi-label learning (PML), each instance is associated with a set of candidate labels containing both ground-truth and noisy labels. The presence of noisy labels disrupts the correspondence between features and labels, degrading classification performance. To address this challenge, we propose a novel PML method based on feature-label modal alignment (PML-MA), which treats features and labels as two complementary modalities and restores their consistency through systematic alignment. Specifically, PML-MA first employs low-rank orthogonal decomposition to generate pseudo-labels that approximate the true label distribution by filtering noisy labels. It then aligns features and pseudo-labels through both global projection into a common subspace and local preservation of neighborhood structures. Finally, a multi-peak class prototype learning mechanism leverages the multi-label nature where instances simultaneously belong to multiple categories, using pseudo-labels as soft membership weights to enhance discriminability. By integrating modal alignment with prototype-guided refinement, PML-MA ensures pseudo-labels better reflect the true distribution while maintaining robustness against label noise. Extensive experiments on both real-world and synthetic datasets demonstrate that PML-MA significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods, achieving superior classification accuracy and noise robustness.
title Feature-Label Modal Alignment for Robust Partial Multi-Label Learning
topic Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.09064