On the chromatic profile for tripartite graphs and beyond
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arXiv
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| Formato: | Preprint |
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2026
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| _version_ | 1866914577225089024 |
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| author | Ning, Bo Wang, Jian Xue, Yisai |
| author_facet | Ning, Bo Wang, Jian Xue, Yisai |
| contents | Let $H$ be a graph and let $δ_χ(H,r)$ denote the infimum of $c$ such that every $H$-free graph with minimum degree at least $cn$ is $r$-colorable. The \textit{chromatic profile} of $H$ is defined to be the values of $δ_χ(H,r)$ as $r$ varies. Erdős and Simonovits described this graph parameter as ``too complicated", and Allen, Böttcher, Griffiths, Kohayakawa, and Morris posed its determination for every graph $H$ as an open problem \cite[Problem~45]{ABGKM2013}, emphasizing its expected difficulty.
In this paper, we resolve the case $r=2$ for every graph $H$ with $χ(H)=3$. We show that the set of possible values of $δ_χ(H,2)$ with $χ(H)=3$ is finite and discrete: $$\{δ_χ(H,2):χ(H)=3\}=\left\{\frac{1}{2},\frac{2}{5},\frac{2}{7},\frac{1}{4},\frac{2}{9},\frac{1}{5},\frac{2}{11},\frac{1}{6}\right\}.$$ Furthermore, we provide a complete structural characterization of the graphs $H$ associated with each threshold value. Moreover, we extend the classical chromatic profile result for triangle to color-critical graphs $H$ with $g_{\mathrm{odd}}(H)=χ(H)=3$.
Our approach introduces a useful auxiliary parameter. Motivated by the notion of vertex-extendability of Liu, Mubayi, and Reiher \cite{liu2023unified}, we define the {\it vertex-extendable threshold} of $H$, denoted by $δ_{\mathrm{ext}}(H,r)$, as the infimum of $c\in (0,1)$ so that for every $H$-free graph $G$ on $n$ vertices, the existence of a vertex $v \in V(G)$ with $χ(G - v) \leq r$ combined with $δ(G)\ge cn$ implies that $G$ is $r$-colorable. A key structural consequence is that $δ_χ(H,2) = \max\left\{δ_χ(C_{2k+1},2),δ_{\mathrm{ext}}(H,2)\right\},$ where $H$ is a color-critical graph with $χ(H)=3$ and $g_{\mathrm{odd}}(H)=2k+1$ for $k\geq 2$. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_09394 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | On the chromatic profile for tripartite graphs and beyond Ning, Bo Wang, Jian Xue, Yisai Combinatorics Let $H$ be a graph and let $δ_χ(H,r)$ denote the infimum of $c$ such that every $H$-free graph with minimum degree at least $cn$ is $r$-colorable. The \textit{chromatic profile} of $H$ is defined to be the values of $δ_χ(H,r)$ as $r$ varies. Erdős and Simonovits described this graph parameter as ``too complicated", and Allen, Böttcher, Griffiths, Kohayakawa, and Morris posed its determination for every graph $H$ as an open problem \cite[Problem~45]{ABGKM2013}, emphasizing its expected difficulty. In this paper, we resolve the case $r=2$ for every graph $H$ with $χ(H)=3$. We show that the set of possible values of $δ_χ(H,2)$ with $χ(H)=3$ is finite and discrete: $$\{δ_χ(H,2):χ(H)=3\}=\left\{\frac{1}{2},\frac{2}{5},\frac{2}{7},\frac{1}{4},\frac{2}{9},\frac{1}{5},\frac{2}{11},\frac{1}{6}\right\}.$$ Furthermore, we provide a complete structural characterization of the graphs $H$ associated with each threshold value. Moreover, we extend the classical chromatic profile result for triangle to color-critical graphs $H$ with $g_{\mathrm{odd}}(H)=χ(H)=3$. Our approach introduces a useful auxiliary parameter. Motivated by the notion of vertex-extendability of Liu, Mubayi, and Reiher \cite{liu2023unified}, we define the {\it vertex-extendable threshold} of $H$, denoted by $δ_{\mathrm{ext}}(H,r)$, as the infimum of $c\in (0,1)$ so that for every $H$-free graph $G$ on $n$ vertices, the existence of a vertex $v \in V(G)$ with $χ(G - v) \leq r$ combined with $δ(G)\ge cn$ implies that $G$ is $r$-colorable. A key structural consequence is that $δ_χ(H,2) = \max\left\{δ_χ(C_{2k+1},2),δ_{\mathrm{ext}}(H,2)\right\},$ where $H$ is a color-critical graph with $χ(H)=3$ and $g_{\mathrm{odd}}(H)=2k+1$ for $k\geq 2$. |
| title | On the chromatic profile for tripartite graphs and beyond |
| topic | Combinatorics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.09394 |