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Main Authors: Banegas, Guillermo Auza, Vera, Diego Calvimontes, Sandoval, Sergio Castro, Peredo, Natalia Condori, Salcedo, Edwin
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.09927
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author Banegas, Guillermo Auza
Vera, Diego Calvimontes
Sandoval, Sergio Castro
Peredo, Natalia Condori
Salcedo, Edwin
author_facet Banegas, Guillermo Auza
Vera, Diego Calvimontes
Sandoval, Sergio Castro
Peredo, Natalia Condori
Salcedo, Edwin
contents Robust license plate recognition in unconstrained environments remains a significant challenge, particularly in underrepresented regions with limited data availability and unique visual characteristics, such as Bolivia. Recognition accuracy in real-world conditions is often degraded by factors such as illumination changes and viewpoint distortion. To address these challenges, we introduce BLPR, a novel deep learning-based License Plate Detection and Recognition (LPDR) framework specifically designed for Bolivian license plates. The proposed system follows a two-stage pipeline where a YOLO-based detector is pretrained on synthetic data generated in Blender to simulate extreme perspectives and lighting conditions, and subsequently fine-tuned on street-level data collected in La Paz, Bolivia. Detected plates are geometrically rectified and passed to a character recognition model. To improve robustness under ambiguous scenarios, a lightweight vision-language model (Gemma3 4B) is selectively triggered as a confidence-based fallback mechanism. The proposed framework further leverages synthetic-to-real domain adaptation to improve robustness under diverse real-world conditions. We also introduce the first publicly available Bolivian LPDR dataset, enabling evaluation under diverse viewpoint and illumination conditions. The system achieves a character-level recognition accuracy of 89.6% on real-world data, demonstrating its effectiveness for deployment in challenging urban environments. Our project is publicly available at https://github.com/EdwinTSalcedo/BLPR.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_09927
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle BLPR: Robust License Plate Recognition under Viewpoint and Illumination Variations via Confidence-Driven VLM Fallback
Banegas, Guillermo Auza
Vera, Diego Calvimontes
Sandoval, Sergio Castro
Peredo, Natalia Condori
Salcedo, Edwin
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Robust license plate recognition in unconstrained environments remains a significant challenge, particularly in underrepresented regions with limited data availability and unique visual characteristics, such as Bolivia. Recognition accuracy in real-world conditions is often degraded by factors such as illumination changes and viewpoint distortion. To address these challenges, we introduce BLPR, a novel deep learning-based License Plate Detection and Recognition (LPDR) framework specifically designed for Bolivian license plates. The proposed system follows a two-stage pipeline where a YOLO-based detector is pretrained on synthetic data generated in Blender to simulate extreme perspectives and lighting conditions, and subsequently fine-tuned on street-level data collected in La Paz, Bolivia. Detected plates are geometrically rectified and passed to a character recognition model. To improve robustness under ambiguous scenarios, a lightweight vision-language model (Gemma3 4B) is selectively triggered as a confidence-based fallback mechanism. The proposed framework further leverages synthetic-to-real domain adaptation to improve robustness under diverse real-world conditions. We also introduce the first publicly available Bolivian LPDR dataset, enabling evaluation under diverse viewpoint and illumination conditions. The system achieves a character-level recognition accuracy of 89.6% on real-world data, demonstrating its effectiveness for deployment in challenging urban environments. Our project is publicly available at https://github.com/EdwinTSalcedo/BLPR.
title BLPR: Robust License Plate Recognition under Viewpoint and Illumination Variations via Confidence-Driven VLM Fallback
topic Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.09927