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Main Authors: Su, Zunhai, Zhang, Hengyuan, Wu, Wei, Zhang, Yifan, Liu, Yaxiu, Xiao, He, Yang, Qingyao, Sun, Yuxuan, Yang, Rui, Zhang, Chao, Fan, Keyu, Ye, Weihao, Xiong, Jing, Shen, Hui, Tao, Chaofan, Wu, Taiqiang, Wan, Zhongwei, Qian, Yulei, Xie, Yuchen, Wong, Ngai
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.10098
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author Su, Zunhai
Zhang, Hengyuan
Wu, Wei
Zhang, Yifan
Liu, Yaxiu
Xiao, He
Yang, Qingyao
Sun, Yuxuan
Yang, Rui
Zhang, Chao
Fan, Keyu
Ye, Weihao
Xiong, Jing
Shen, Hui
Tao, Chaofan
Wu, Taiqiang
Wan, Zhongwei
Qian, Yulei
Xie, Yuchen
Wong, Ngai
author_facet Su, Zunhai
Zhang, Hengyuan
Wu, Wei
Zhang, Yifan
Liu, Yaxiu
Xiao, He
Yang, Qingyao
Sun, Yuxuan
Yang, Rui
Zhang, Chao
Fan, Keyu
Ye, Weihao
Xiong, Jing
Shen, Hui
Tao, Chaofan
Wu, Taiqiang
Wan, Zhongwei
Qian, Yulei
Xie, Yuchen
Wong, Ngai
contents As the foundational architecture of modern machine learning, Transformers have driven remarkable progress across diverse AI domains. Despite their transformative impact, a persistent challenge across various Transformers is Attention Sink (AS), in which a disproportionate amount of attention is focused on a small subset of specific yet uninformative tokens. AS complicates interpretability, significantly affecting the training and inference dynamics, and exacerbates issues such as hallucinations. In recent years, substantial research has been dedicated to understanding and harnessing AS. However, a comprehensive survey that systematically consolidates AS-related research and offers guidance for future advancements remains lacking. To address this gap, we present the first survey on AS, structured around three key dimensions that define the current research landscape: Fundamental Utilization, Mechanistic Interpretation, and Strategic Mitigation. Our work provides a pivotal contribution by clarifying key concepts and guiding researchers through the evolution and trends of the field. We envision this survey as a definitive resource, empowering researchers and practitioners to effectively manage AS within the current Transformer paradigm, while simultaneously inspiring innovative advancements for the next generation of Transformers. The paper list of this work is available at https://github.com/ZunhaiSu/Awesome-Attention-Sink.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_10098
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Attention Sink in Transformers: A Survey on Utilization, Interpretation, and Mitigation
Su, Zunhai
Zhang, Hengyuan
Wu, Wei
Zhang, Yifan
Liu, Yaxiu
Xiao, He
Yang, Qingyao
Sun, Yuxuan
Yang, Rui
Zhang, Chao
Fan, Keyu
Ye, Weihao
Xiong, Jing
Shen, Hui
Tao, Chaofan
Wu, Taiqiang
Wan, Zhongwei
Qian, Yulei
Xie, Yuchen
Wong, Ngai
Machine Learning
As the foundational architecture of modern machine learning, Transformers have driven remarkable progress across diverse AI domains. Despite their transformative impact, a persistent challenge across various Transformers is Attention Sink (AS), in which a disproportionate amount of attention is focused on a small subset of specific yet uninformative tokens. AS complicates interpretability, significantly affecting the training and inference dynamics, and exacerbates issues such as hallucinations. In recent years, substantial research has been dedicated to understanding and harnessing AS. However, a comprehensive survey that systematically consolidates AS-related research and offers guidance for future advancements remains lacking. To address this gap, we present the first survey on AS, structured around three key dimensions that define the current research landscape: Fundamental Utilization, Mechanistic Interpretation, and Strategic Mitigation. Our work provides a pivotal contribution by clarifying key concepts and guiding researchers through the evolution and trends of the field. We envision this survey as a definitive resource, empowering researchers and practitioners to effectively manage AS within the current Transformer paradigm, while simultaneously inspiring innovative advancements for the next generation of Transformers. The paper list of this work is available at https://github.com/ZunhaiSu/Awesome-Attention-Sink.
title Attention Sink in Transformers: A Survey on Utilization, Interpretation, and Mitigation
topic Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.10098