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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Hassan, Noha, Fernando, Xavier, Yanikomeroglu, Halim
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.10453
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author Hassan, Noha
Fernando, Xavier
Yanikomeroglu, Halim
author_facet Hassan, Noha
Fernando, Xavier
Yanikomeroglu, Halim
contents As a key enabler for sixth-generation (6G) wireless communications, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) provide the flexibility to control signal strength. Nevertheless, optimizing hundreds of elements is computationally expensive. To overcome this challenge, we present a quantum framework (QGCN) to jointly optimize the physical and electromagnetic response of a double-sided RIS design that incorporates discrete phase shifts and inter-element coupling. The core contribution is the adaptive activation or deactivation of elements, allowing a virtual spacing mechanism using PIN diode switches. We then solve a multi-objective problem that maximizes the minimum user data rate subject to constraints on aperture length and mutual coupling between active elements. Experimental results on IBM Quantum's 127-qubit ibm_kyiv superconducting processor demonstrate that the proposed QGCN algorithm reduces both per-iteration computational complexity and memory requirements compared to existing approaches. Also, the QGCN outperforms classical graph neural networks (GNN) on an equivalent graph topology by an additional $+$0.38 bps/Hz. This advantage is increasing with increasing array sizes.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_10453
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Quantum Graph Neural Networks for Double-Sided Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Optimization
Hassan, Noha
Fernando, Xavier
Yanikomeroglu, Halim
Systems and Control
As a key enabler for sixth-generation (6G) wireless communications, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) provide the flexibility to control signal strength. Nevertheless, optimizing hundreds of elements is computationally expensive. To overcome this challenge, we present a quantum framework (QGCN) to jointly optimize the physical and electromagnetic response of a double-sided RIS design that incorporates discrete phase shifts and inter-element coupling. The core contribution is the adaptive activation or deactivation of elements, allowing a virtual spacing mechanism using PIN diode switches. We then solve a multi-objective problem that maximizes the minimum user data rate subject to constraints on aperture length and mutual coupling between active elements. Experimental results on IBM Quantum's 127-qubit ibm_kyiv superconducting processor demonstrate that the proposed QGCN algorithm reduces both per-iteration computational complexity and memory requirements compared to existing approaches. Also, the QGCN outperforms classical graph neural networks (GNN) on an equivalent graph topology by an additional $+$0.38 bps/Hz. This advantage is increasing with increasing array sizes.
title Quantum Graph Neural Networks for Double-Sided Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Optimization
topic Systems and Control
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.10453