Nonlinear response of flow harmonics in Gubser flow with participant-reaction planes mismatch
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arXiv
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| Auteurs principaux: | , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| _version_ | 1866908958095048704 |
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| author | Ren, Xiang Hu, Jin-Yu Xu, Hao-jie Pu, Shi |
| author_facet | Ren, Xiang Hu, Jin-Yu Xu, Hao-jie Pu, Shi |
| contents | We investigate the nonlinear response of flow harmonics $v_2,v_4$ to initial-state eccentricities $ε_2,ε_4$ within the Gubser-flow framework. By extending the perturbative solutions of Gubser flow, we derive analytic nonlinear response relations connecting the eccentricities $ε_2,ε_4$ to the flow harmonics $v_2,v_4$. Our results reproduce the well-known result $v_4/v_2^2 \to 1/2$ in large transverse momentum $p_T$ limit. Furthermore, we study the effects of a mismatch between the participant and reaction planes. We find that the conventional nonlinear response coefficients acquire an additional factor determined by the participant-plane angles, which is often approximated as statistical noise driven by event-by-event fluctuations. This factor can modify both the strength but even the sign of the effective nonlinear response coefficient, making it sensitive to the initial configuration of the colliding nuclei. Our study provides new analytical insight into the origin of collective phenomena in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_11058 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Nonlinear response of flow harmonics in Gubser flow with participant-reaction planes mismatch Ren, Xiang Hu, Jin-Yu Xu, Hao-jie Pu, Shi Nuclear Theory High Energy Physics - Phenomenology Nuclear Experiment We investigate the nonlinear response of flow harmonics $v_2,v_4$ to initial-state eccentricities $ε_2,ε_4$ within the Gubser-flow framework. By extending the perturbative solutions of Gubser flow, we derive analytic nonlinear response relations connecting the eccentricities $ε_2,ε_4$ to the flow harmonics $v_2,v_4$. Our results reproduce the well-known result $v_4/v_2^2 \to 1/2$ in large transverse momentum $p_T$ limit. Furthermore, we study the effects of a mismatch between the participant and reaction planes. We find that the conventional nonlinear response coefficients acquire an additional factor determined by the participant-plane angles, which is often approximated as statistical noise driven by event-by-event fluctuations. This factor can modify both the strength but even the sign of the effective nonlinear response coefficient, making it sensitive to the initial configuration of the colliding nuclei. Our study provides new analytical insight into the origin of collective phenomena in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. |
| title | Nonlinear response of flow harmonics in Gubser flow with participant-reaction planes mismatch |
| topic | Nuclear Theory High Energy Physics - Phenomenology Nuclear Experiment |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.11058 |