Hardening x402: PII-Safe Agentic Payments via Pre-Execution Metadata Filtering
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| _version_ | 1866908960039108608 |
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| author | Stantchev, Vladimir |
| author_facet | Stantchev, Vladimir |
| contents | AI agents that pay for resources via the x402 protocol embed payment metadata - resource URLs, descriptions, and reason strings - in every HTTP payment request. This metadata is transmitted to the payment server and to the centralised facilitator API before any on-chain settlement occurs; neither party is typically bound by a data processing agreement. We present presidio-hardened-x402, the first open-source middleware that intercepts x402 payment requests before transmission to detect and redact personally identifiable information (PII), enforce declarative spending policies, and block duplicate replay attempts. To evaluate the PII filter, we construct a labeled synthetic corpus of 2,000 x402 metadata triples spanning seven use-case categories, and run a 42-configuration precision/recall sweep across two detection modes (regex, NLP) and five confidence thresholds. The recommended configuration (mode=nlp, min_score=0.4, all entity types) achieves micro-F1 = 0.894 with precision 0.972, at a p99 latency of 5.73ms - well within the 50ms overhead budget. The middleware, corpus, and all experiment code are publicly available at https://github.com/presidio-v/presidio-hardened-x402. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_11430 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Hardening x402: PII-Safe Agentic Payments via Pre-Execution Metadata Filtering Stantchev, Vladimir Cryptography and Security Artificial Intelligence Computers and Society 68P27, 68M25, 68T50 K.6.5; I.2.11; H.3.4 AI agents that pay for resources via the x402 protocol embed payment metadata - resource URLs, descriptions, and reason strings - in every HTTP payment request. This metadata is transmitted to the payment server and to the centralised facilitator API before any on-chain settlement occurs; neither party is typically bound by a data processing agreement. We present presidio-hardened-x402, the first open-source middleware that intercepts x402 payment requests before transmission to detect and redact personally identifiable information (PII), enforce declarative spending policies, and block duplicate replay attempts. To evaluate the PII filter, we construct a labeled synthetic corpus of 2,000 x402 metadata triples spanning seven use-case categories, and run a 42-configuration precision/recall sweep across two detection modes (regex, NLP) and five confidence thresholds. The recommended configuration (mode=nlp, min_score=0.4, all entity types) achieves micro-F1 = 0.894 with precision 0.972, at a p99 latency of 5.73ms - well within the 50ms overhead budget. The middleware, corpus, and all experiment code are publicly available at https://github.com/presidio-v/presidio-hardened-x402. |
| title | Hardening x402: PII-Safe Agentic Payments via Pre-Execution Metadata Filtering |
| topic | Cryptography and Security Artificial Intelligence Computers and Society 68P27, 68M25, 68T50 K.6.5; I.2.11; H.3.4 |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.11430 |