Salvato in:
| Autori principali: | , |
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| Natura: | Preprint |
| Pubblicazione: |
2026
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| Soggetti: | |
| Accesso online: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.11553 |
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Sommario:
- Sommerfeld-enhanced annihilation cross sections in the presence of nearly zero-energy bound states can become so large that perturbative partial-wave unitarity appears to be violated. Previous literature incorporated the short-distance annihilation potential self-consistently into the computation of the Schrödinger wave function at the origin, leading to the unitarization of the Sommerfeld effect in vacuum. We employ non-relativistic effective field theory methods and the Keldysh-Schwinger formalism to additionally include pair-creation effects in the self-consistent computation of four-point correlation functions, which renders the unitarization temperature dependent. Up to small thermal corrections in the non-relativistic and dilute regime of the pairs, we confirm the previous results based on the Schrödinger equation approach for scattering states in vacuum. For the first time, we analyze bound-state contributions beyond their leading decay via annihilation. Interestingly, our self-consistent computation of the four-point correlation function shows that bound states remain on-shell in their out-of-equilibrium decay, even though their spectral functions take the form of Breit-Wigner distributions due to finite decay widths. While this may appear paradoxical, it aligns with expectations from earlier results based on exact analytic solutions of the Kadanoff-Baym equations for a decaying elementary particle in a thermal environment.