Exploring Radiologists' Expectations of Explainable Machine Learning Models in Medical Image Analysis

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Ketabi, Sara, Wagner, Matthias W., Ertl-Wagner, Birgit Betina, Jamieson, Greg A., Khalvati, Farzad
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Ketabi, Sara
Wagner, Matthias W.
Ertl-Wagner, Birgit Betina
Jamieson, Greg A.
Khalvati, Farzad
author_facet Ketabi, Sara
Wagner, Matthias W.
Ertl-Wagner, Birgit Betina
Jamieson, Greg A.
Khalvati, Farzad
contents In spite of the strong performance of machine learning (ML) models in radiology, they have not been widely accepted by radiologists, limiting clinical integration. A key reason is the lack of explainability, which ensures that model predictions are understandable and verifiable by clinicians. Several methods and tools have been proposed to improve explainability, but most reflect developers' perspectives and lack systematic clinical validation. In this work, we gathered insights from radiologists with varying experience and specialties into explainable ML requirements through a structured questionnaire. They also highlighted key clinical tasks where ML could be most beneficial and how it might be deployed. Based on their input, we propose guidelines for designing and developing explainable ML models in radiology. These guidelines can help researchers develop clinically useful models, facilitating integration into radiology practice as a supportive tool.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_11700
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Exploring Radiologists' Expectations of Explainable Machine Learning Models in Medical Image Analysis
Ketabi, Sara
Wagner, Matthias W.
Ertl-Wagner, Birgit Betina
Jamieson, Greg A.
Khalvati, Farzad
Human-Computer Interaction
In spite of the strong performance of machine learning (ML) models in radiology, they have not been widely accepted by radiologists, limiting clinical integration. A key reason is the lack of explainability, which ensures that model predictions are understandable and verifiable by clinicians. Several methods and tools have been proposed to improve explainability, but most reflect developers' perspectives and lack systematic clinical validation. In this work, we gathered insights from radiologists with varying experience and specialties into explainable ML requirements through a structured questionnaire. They also highlighted key clinical tasks where ML could be most beneficial and how it might be deployed. Based on their input, we propose guidelines for designing and developing explainable ML models in radiology. These guidelines can help researchers develop clinically useful models, facilitating integration into radiology practice as a supportive tool.
title Exploring Radiologists' Expectations of Explainable Machine Learning Models in Medical Image Analysis
topic Human-Computer Interaction
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.11700