The GAPS Programme at TNG. LXXIII. Confirmation of the hot sub-Neptune TOI-4602 b (HD 25295 b), a key target for future atmospheric characterization
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arXiv
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| Natura: | Preprint |
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2026
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| author | Di Maio, C. Benatti, S. Locci, D. Spinelli, R. Baratella, M. Biazzo, K. Maldonado, J. Lanza, A. F. Dorn, C. Cubillos, P. E. Salmi, A. Maggio, A. Naponiello, L. Marzari, F. Micela, G. Fardella, V. Malavolta, L. Damasso, M. Sozzetti, A. Mantovan, G. Nardiello, D. Carleo, I. Claudi, R. Cosentino, R. Gonzalez, M. Muthukrishna, D. Pinamonti, M. Zingales, T. |
| author_facet | Di Maio, C. Benatti, S. Locci, D. Spinelli, R. Baratella, M. Biazzo, K. Maldonado, J. Lanza, A. F. Dorn, C. Cubillos, P. E. Salmi, A. Maggio, A. Naponiello, L. Marzari, F. Micela, G. Fardella, V. Malavolta, L. Damasso, M. Sozzetti, A. Mantovan, G. Nardiello, D. Carleo, I. Claudi, R. Cosentino, R. Gonzalez, M. Muthukrishna, D. Pinamonti, M. Zingales, T. |
| contents | Precise mass and radius measurements of small, transitional exoplanets, such as super-Earths and sub-Neptunes, are essential to constrain their bulk density and formation history, serving as prerequisites for atmospheric characterization. The ArMS Large Programme, carried out within GAPS using the HARPS-N spectrograph at the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo, aims to confirm and characterize transitional planets in the radius valley through high-precision radial-velocity (RV) measurements. The ultimate goal is to identify ideal targets for atmospheric follow-up observations with next-generation facilities like the James Webb Space Telescope and the future ESA Ariel satellite. We present the first mass determination of a sub-Neptune planet using data entirely collected within the ArMS programme, focusing on the validated planet TOI-4602b. We monitored TOI-4602, which hosts a close-in validated sub-Neptune (P ~ 3.98 d) detected by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), searching for planet-induced RV variations. We then performed a joint analysis of these RV measurements together with the TESS photometric data. We determined that TOI-4602b is a sub-Neptune with a radius of Rp = 2.5 Rearth and a mass of Mp = 5.5 Mearth. The resulting bulk density (rho_p = 2.1 ) and atmospheric evolution modelling suggest the planet is retaining a tenuous envelope while evolving toward a bare core, consistent with a position immediately above the radius valley. g cm^ -3 Given its bright (V = 8.4) and quiet host star and the high Transmission Spectroscopy Metric (TSM) value (140 +/- 54), TOI-4602,b is a prime target for atmospheric characterization. Simulated retrievals indicate that JWST and Ariel can effectively constrain its atmospheric composition, offering a unique window into the physical processes driving the sub-Neptune to super-Earth transition. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_11728 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | The GAPS Programme at TNG. LXXIII. Confirmation of the hot sub-Neptune TOI-4602 b (HD 25295 b), a key target for future atmospheric characterization Di Maio, C. Benatti, S. Locci, D. Spinelli, R. Baratella, M. Biazzo, K. Maldonado, J. Lanza, A. F. Dorn, C. Cubillos, P. E. Salmi, A. Maggio, A. Naponiello, L. Marzari, F. Micela, G. Fardella, V. Malavolta, L. Damasso, M. Sozzetti, A. Mantovan, G. Nardiello, D. Carleo, I. Claudi, R. Cosentino, R. Gonzalez, M. Muthukrishna, D. Pinamonti, M. Zingales, T. Earth and Planetary Astrophysics Precise mass and radius measurements of small, transitional exoplanets, such as super-Earths and sub-Neptunes, are essential to constrain their bulk density and formation history, serving as prerequisites for atmospheric characterization. The ArMS Large Programme, carried out within GAPS using the HARPS-N spectrograph at the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo, aims to confirm and characterize transitional planets in the radius valley through high-precision radial-velocity (RV) measurements. The ultimate goal is to identify ideal targets for atmospheric follow-up observations with next-generation facilities like the James Webb Space Telescope and the future ESA Ariel satellite. We present the first mass determination of a sub-Neptune planet using data entirely collected within the ArMS programme, focusing on the validated planet TOI-4602b. We monitored TOI-4602, which hosts a close-in validated sub-Neptune (P ~ 3.98 d) detected by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), searching for planet-induced RV variations. We then performed a joint analysis of these RV measurements together with the TESS photometric data. We determined that TOI-4602b is a sub-Neptune with a radius of Rp = 2.5 Rearth and a mass of Mp = 5.5 Mearth. The resulting bulk density (rho_p = 2.1 ) and atmospheric evolution modelling suggest the planet is retaining a tenuous envelope while evolving toward a bare core, consistent with a position immediately above the radius valley. g cm^ -3 Given its bright (V = 8.4) and quiet host star and the high Transmission Spectroscopy Metric (TSM) value (140 +/- 54), TOI-4602,b is a prime target for atmospheric characterization. Simulated retrievals indicate that JWST and Ariel can effectively constrain its atmospheric composition, offering a unique window into the physical processes driving the sub-Neptune to super-Earth transition. |
| title | The GAPS Programme at TNG. LXXIII. Confirmation of the hot sub-Neptune TOI-4602 b (HD 25295 b), a key target for future atmospheric characterization |
| topic | Earth and Planetary Astrophysics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.11728 |