Distinguish Bardeen-like black holes by Gravitational lensing
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| _version_ | 1866911589150490624 |
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| author | Yuan, Limei Hsiao, Chen-Hung Wan, Yidun |
| author_facet | Yuan, Limei Hsiao, Chen-Hung Wan, Yidun |
| contents | We study Bardeen-like regular black holes without Cauchy horizons via gravitational lensing. In the weak field, the deflection angle receives a positive $\ell$-dependent correction, producing a slightly larger Einstein ring. For the galaxy ESO 325-G004, the predicted ring radius is consistent with current observations. In the strong field, for Sgr A* and M87*, the asymptotic position $θ_{\infty}$ remains identical to the Schwarzschild value; however, SDL coefficients are $\ell$-dependent, the angular separation s increases and the relative flux ratio $r_{\mathrm{mag}}$ decreases as $\ell$ increases. Time delays between relativistic images for Sgr A* and M87* also increase mildly with $\ell$. Our calculated values for these observables remain consistent with current observations. Future strong-field measurements of $ΔT_{2,1}$, s, and $r_{\mathrm{mag}}$ may offer a viable test for regular black holes free of Cauchy horizons and may distinguish Bardeen-like from Schwarzschild black holes. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_11951 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Distinguish Bardeen-like black holes by Gravitational lensing Yuan, Limei Hsiao, Chen-Hung Wan, Yidun General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology We study Bardeen-like regular black holes without Cauchy horizons via gravitational lensing. In the weak field, the deflection angle receives a positive $\ell$-dependent correction, producing a slightly larger Einstein ring. For the galaxy ESO 325-G004, the predicted ring radius is consistent with current observations. In the strong field, for Sgr A* and M87*, the asymptotic position $θ_{\infty}$ remains identical to the Schwarzschild value; however, SDL coefficients are $\ell$-dependent, the angular separation s increases and the relative flux ratio $r_{\mathrm{mag}}$ decreases as $\ell$ increases. Time delays between relativistic images for Sgr A* and M87* also increase mildly with $\ell$. Our calculated values for these observables remain consistent with current observations. Future strong-field measurements of $ΔT_{2,1}$, s, and $r_{\mathrm{mag}}$ may offer a viable test for regular black holes free of Cauchy horizons and may distinguish Bardeen-like from Schwarzschild black holes. |
| title | Distinguish Bardeen-like black holes by Gravitational lensing |
| topic | General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.11951 |