3DRO: Lidar-level SE(3) Direct Radar Odometry Using a 2D Imaging Radar and a Gyroscope

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Main Authors: Gentil, Cedric Le, Lisus, Daniil, Barfoot, Timothy D.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Gentil, Cedric Le
Lisus, Daniil
Barfoot, Timothy D.
author_facet Gentil, Cedric Le
Lisus, Daniil
Barfoot, Timothy D.
contents Recently, the robotics community has regained interest in radar-based perception and state estimation. A 2D imaging radar provides dense 360deg information about the environment. Despite the radar antenna's cone of emission and reception, the collected data is generally assumed to be limited to the plane orthogonal to the radar's spinning axis. Accordingly, most methods based on 2D imaging radars only perform SE(2) state estimation. This paper presents 3DRO, an extension of the SE(2) Direct Radar Odometry (DRO) framework to perform state estimation in SE(3). While still assuming planarity of the data through DRO's 2D velocity estimates, it integrates 3D gyroscope measurements over SO(3) to estimate SE(3) ego motion. While simple, this approach provides lidar-level odometry accuracy as demonstrated using 643km of data from the Boreas-RT dataset.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_12027
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle 3DRO: Lidar-level SE(3) Direct Radar Odometry Using a 2D Imaging Radar and a Gyroscope
Gentil, Cedric Le
Lisus, Daniil
Barfoot, Timothy D.
Robotics
Recently, the robotics community has regained interest in radar-based perception and state estimation. A 2D imaging radar provides dense 360deg information about the environment. Despite the radar antenna's cone of emission and reception, the collected data is generally assumed to be limited to the plane orthogonal to the radar's spinning axis. Accordingly, most methods based on 2D imaging radars only perform SE(2) state estimation. This paper presents 3DRO, an extension of the SE(2) Direct Radar Odometry (DRO) framework to perform state estimation in SE(3). While still assuming planarity of the data through DRO's 2D velocity estimates, it integrates 3D gyroscope measurements over SO(3) to estimate SE(3) ego motion. While simple, this approach provides lidar-level odometry accuracy as demonstrated using 643km of data from the Boreas-RT dataset.
title 3DRO: Lidar-level SE(3) Direct Radar Odometry Using a 2D Imaging Radar and a Gyroscope
topic Robotics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.12027