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Autores principales: Muhammad, Uzair Aziz, Liu, Zheng
Formato: Preprint
Publicado: 2026
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Acceso en línea:https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.12236
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author Muhammad, Uzair Aziz
Liu, Zheng
author_facet Muhammad, Uzair Aziz
Liu, Zheng
contents The reproduction of automobile components through additive manufacturing presents significant geometric challenges, as many automotive parts feature complex, organically shaped surfaces that are difficult to fabricate accurately using conventional 3D printing approaches without wasteful support structures. Multi-axis Digital Light Processing (DLP) 3D printing addresses this by orienting a robotic arm to cure resin layers at varying angles and positions, enabling the fabrication of geometries that fixed-axis systems cannot reliably reproduce. However, this flexibility introduces a key challenge: layers printed at non-orthogonal orientations exhibit non-uniform thickness across their cross-section, which traditional DLP systems cannot accommodate without subdividing the layer, increasing total layer count, print time, and the need for supporting structures. This paper introduces a variable exposure method to address this challenge. Rather than splitting a non-uniform layer into multiple uniform ones, our approach divides each layer into sublayers and modulates the UV illumination duration for each sublayer proportionally to its local thickness. This is governed by an established cure-depth equation relating exposure time to material penetration depth, allowing precise control over curing without additional hardware. The result is a meaningful reduction in total layer count for printed objects. Fewer layers directly translates to faster print times and a reduction in wasteful support structures. Our contribution is a practical and low-overhead extension to existing multi-axis DLP pipelines that improves print efficiency without sacrificing geometric accuracy, with clear applications in the rapid prototyping and reproduction of automotive components.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_12236
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Multi-Axis Additive Manufacturing for Customized Automotive Components
Muhammad, Uzair Aziz
Liu, Zheng
Systems and Control
The reproduction of automobile components through additive manufacturing presents significant geometric challenges, as many automotive parts feature complex, organically shaped surfaces that are difficult to fabricate accurately using conventional 3D printing approaches without wasteful support structures. Multi-axis Digital Light Processing (DLP) 3D printing addresses this by orienting a robotic arm to cure resin layers at varying angles and positions, enabling the fabrication of geometries that fixed-axis systems cannot reliably reproduce. However, this flexibility introduces a key challenge: layers printed at non-orthogonal orientations exhibit non-uniform thickness across their cross-section, which traditional DLP systems cannot accommodate without subdividing the layer, increasing total layer count, print time, and the need for supporting structures. This paper introduces a variable exposure method to address this challenge. Rather than splitting a non-uniform layer into multiple uniform ones, our approach divides each layer into sublayers and modulates the UV illumination duration for each sublayer proportionally to its local thickness. This is governed by an established cure-depth equation relating exposure time to material penetration depth, allowing precise control over curing without additional hardware. The result is a meaningful reduction in total layer count for printed objects. Fewer layers directly translates to faster print times and a reduction in wasteful support structures. Our contribution is a practical and low-overhead extension to existing multi-axis DLP pipelines that improves print efficiency without sacrificing geometric accuracy, with clear applications in the rapid prototyping and reproduction of automotive components.
title Multi-Axis Additive Manufacturing for Customized Automotive Components
topic Systems and Control
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.12236