Decentralized Learning via Random Walk with Jumps

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Liu, Zonghong, Dwyer, Matthew, Rouayheb, Salim El
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Liu, Zonghong
Dwyer, Matthew
Rouayheb, Salim El
author_facet Liu, Zonghong
Dwyer, Matthew
Rouayheb, Salim El
contents We study decentralized learning over networks where data are distributed across nodes without a central coordinator. Random walk learning is a token-based approach in which a single model is propagated across the network and updated at each visited node using local data, thereby incurring low communication and computational overheads. In weighted random-walk learning, the transition matrix is designed to achieve a desired sampling distribution, thereby speeding up convergence under data heterogeneity. We show that implementing weighted sampling via the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm can lead to a previously unexplored phenomenon we term entrapment. The random walk may become trapped in a small region of the network, resulting in highly correlated updates and severely degraded convergence. To address this issue, we propose Metropolis-Hastings with Levy jumps, which introduces occasional long-range transitions to restore exploration while respecting local information constraints. We establish a convergence rate that explicitly characterizes the roles of data heterogeneity, network spectral gap, and jump probability, and demonstrate through experiments that MHLJ effectively eliminates entrapment and significantly speeds up decentralized learning.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_12260
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Decentralized Learning via Random Walk with Jumps
Liu, Zonghong
Dwyer, Matthew
Rouayheb, Salim El
Machine Learning
Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing
Signal Processing
We study decentralized learning over networks where data are distributed across nodes without a central coordinator. Random walk learning is a token-based approach in which a single model is propagated across the network and updated at each visited node using local data, thereby incurring low communication and computational overheads. In weighted random-walk learning, the transition matrix is designed to achieve a desired sampling distribution, thereby speeding up convergence under data heterogeneity. We show that implementing weighted sampling via the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm can lead to a previously unexplored phenomenon we term entrapment. The random walk may become trapped in a small region of the network, resulting in highly correlated updates and severely degraded convergence. To address this issue, we propose Metropolis-Hastings with Levy jumps, which introduces occasional long-range transitions to restore exploration while respecting local information constraints. We establish a convergence rate that explicitly characterizes the roles of data heterogeneity, network spectral gap, and jump probability, and demonstrate through experiments that MHLJ effectively eliminates entrapment and significantly speeds up decentralized learning.
title Decentralized Learning via Random Walk with Jumps
topic Machine Learning
Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing
Signal Processing
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.12260