Correctness criteria for complex Langevin

Fuente: arXiv
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Autor principal: Mandl, Michael
Formato: Preprint
Publicado: 2026
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author Mandl, Michael
author_facet Mandl, Michael
contents The complex Langevin approach is a promising method for the numerical treatment of systems with a sign problem, for which conventional lattice field theory techniques based on importance sampling cannot be applied. However, complex Langevin dynamics may fail to converge in some cases and converge to a wrong limit in others, motivating the development of various diagnostic tools over the years to assess the correctness of given simulation results. This work aims at providing a systematic comparison between the most prominent such correctness criteria. In particular, the main goal is to contrast their applicability, ease of use, and - most importantly - their predictive power. To this end, four simple but nontrivial models are considered and the criteria applied to each of them. The obtained conclusions are expected to carry over to more realistic theories as well.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_12388
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Correctness criteria for complex Langevin
Mandl, Michael
High Energy Physics - Lattice
Strongly Correlated Electrons
High Energy Physics - Theory
The complex Langevin approach is a promising method for the numerical treatment of systems with a sign problem, for which conventional lattice field theory techniques based on importance sampling cannot be applied. However, complex Langevin dynamics may fail to converge in some cases and converge to a wrong limit in others, motivating the development of various diagnostic tools over the years to assess the correctness of given simulation results. This work aims at providing a systematic comparison between the most prominent such correctness criteria. In particular, the main goal is to contrast their applicability, ease of use, and - most importantly - their predictive power. To this end, four simple but nontrivial models are considered and the criteria applied to each of them. The obtained conclusions are expected to carry over to more realistic theories as well.
title Correctness criteria for complex Langevin
topic High Energy Physics - Lattice
Strongly Correlated Electrons
High Energy Physics - Theory
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.12388