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Main Authors: Xia, Yu, Huang, Yuhao, Li, Yuemin, Wang, Jie, Fu, Yunqi, Huang, Yaoran, Liang, Hongjie, Fang, Hao, Li, Zheng, Liu, Mingfei, Tong, Yitian, Yu, Di, Xiang, Chao
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.12566
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author Xia, Yu
Huang, Yuhao
Li, Yuemin
Wang, Jie
Fu, Yunqi
Huang, Yaoran
Liang, Hongjie
Fang, Hao
Li, Zheng
Liu, Mingfei
Tong, Yitian
Yu, Di
Xiang, Chao
author_facet Xia, Yu
Huang, Yuhao
Li, Yuemin
Wang, Jie
Fu, Yunqi
Huang, Yaoran
Liang, Hongjie
Fang, Hao
Li, Zheng
Liu, Mingfei
Tong, Yitian
Yu, Di
Xiang, Chao
contents Modern computing workloads demand energy-efficient, high-bandwidth interconnects, motivating photonic interposers as an alternative to electrical links. Here we demonstrate a compact 3D silicon nitride (SiN) photonic interposer prototype comprising two routing layers, with the 3D routing scheme optimized by a global optimization algorithm. The 3D interposer realizes a fully connected 12-node optical network that reduces the total number of intralayer crossings from 495 for all-planar routing to merely 150 (69.7% reduction), below the theoretical lower bound of 153 for all-planar interconnects. Comparing the two schemes, our 3D design achieves a 45.8% reduction experimentally in the average loss per waveguide. The proposed 3D routing architecture also features inherent symmetry and is scalable to higher node counts, flexible node placements, additional routing layers, and other operating wavelengths, enabling denser, lower-loss photonic interposers for next-generation scale-up and high-performance computing (HPC) systems.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_12566
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Scalable 3D silicon nitride photonic interposer for high-density optical interconnects
Xia, Yu
Huang, Yuhao
Li, Yuemin
Wang, Jie
Fu, Yunqi
Huang, Yaoran
Liang, Hongjie
Fang, Hao
Li, Zheng
Liu, Mingfei
Tong, Yitian
Yu, Di
Xiang, Chao
Optics
Modern computing workloads demand energy-efficient, high-bandwidth interconnects, motivating photonic interposers as an alternative to electrical links. Here we demonstrate a compact 3D silicon nitride (SiN) photonic interposer prototype comprising two routing layers, with the 3D routing scheme optimized by a global optimization algorithm. The 3D interposer realizes a fully connected 12-node optical network that reduces the total number of intralayer crossings from 495 for all-planar routing to merely 150 (69.7% reduction), below the theoretical lower bound of 153 for all-planar interconnects. Comparing the two schemes, our 3D design achieves a 45.8% reduction experimentally in the average loss per waveguide. The proposed 3D routing architecture also features inherent symmetry and is scalable to higher node counts, flexible node placements, additional routing layers, and other operating wavelengths, enabling denser, lower-loss photonic interposers for next-generation scale-up and high-performance computing (HPC) systems.
title Scalable 3D silicon nitride photonic interposer for high-density optical interconnects
topic Optics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.12566