Ternary Quantum Eraser Cryptography
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arXiv
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| _version_ | 1866915950255669248 |
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| author | Halawani, Ahmed Khabrani, Yahya Meshalwi Al-Mogheeth, Abdulaziz Li, Zheng-Hong Al-Amri, M. |
| author_facet | Halawani, Ahmed Khabrani, Yahya Meshalwi Al-Mogheeth, Abdulaziz Li, Zheng-Hong Al-Amri, M. |
| contents | Quantum key distribution protocols based on the quantum eraser phenomenon offer an operational advantage: automatic identification of matching and mismatching encoding choices through interference, eliminating basis reconciliation. However, binary quantum eraser implementations permit an eavesdropper to recover Alice's encoded bit with $85\%$ probability. To overcome this constraint, we introduce a ternary quantum eraser protocol employing three polarization states with $120^\circ$ angular separation, transmitted in three-photon groups with randomized temporal ordering. This extension achieves enhanced security through two complementary mechanisms. First, the reduced distinguishability of symmetrically-arranged quantum states limits single-photon discrimination. Second, the combinatorial complexity of unknown photon ordering constrains multi-photon eavesdropping strategies. Security analysis against individual eavesdropping attacks within the four-dimensional path-polarization Hilbert space establishes that an eavesdropper's maximum success probability is bounded at $54\%$, substantially below the binary discrimination bound. The protocol maintains a binary-equivalent efficiency of 0.30 bits per photon, comparable to established binary QKD protocols at the sifted-rate level, while preserving the operational simplicity inherent to quantum eraser cryptography. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_12577 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Ternary Quantum Eraser Cryptography Halawani, Ahmed Khabrani, Yahya Meshalwi Al-Mogheeth, Abdulaziz Li, Zheng-Hong Al-Amri, M. Quantum Physics Quantum key distribution protocols based on the quantum eraser phenomenon offer an operational advantage: automatic identification of matching and mismatching encoding choices through interference, eliminating basis reconciliation. However, binary quantum eraser implementations permit an eavesdropper to recover Alice's encoded bit with $85\%$ probability. To overcome this constraint, we introduce a ternary quantum eraser protocol employing three polarization states with $120^\circ$ angular separation, transmitted in three-photon groups with randomized temporal ordering. This extension achieves enhanced security through two complementary mechanisms. First, the reduced distinguishability of symmetrically-arranged quantum states limits single-photon discrimination. Second, the combinatorial complexity of unknown photon ordering constrains multi-photon eavesdropping strategies. Security analysis against individual eavesdropping attacks within the four-dimensional path-polarization Hilbert space establishes that an eavesdropper's maximum success probability is bounded at $54\%$, substantially below the binary discrimination bound. The protocol maintains a binary-equivalent efficiency of 0.30 bits per photon, comparable to established binary QKD protocols at the sifted-rate level, while preserving the operational simplicity inherent to quantum eraser cryptography. |
| title | Ternary Quantum Eraser Cryptography |
| topic | Quantum Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.12577 |