Surface-induced vortex core restructuring in a spin-triplet superfluid
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arXiv
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| _version_ | 1866911592227012608 |
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| author | Rantanen, Riku Huppunen, Mikael Thuneberg, Erkki Eltsov, Vladimir |
| author_facet | Rantanen, Riku Huppunen, Mikael Thuneberg, Erkki Eltsov, Vladimir |
| contents | Observing the structure of quantized vortices can provide evidence for the pairing nature of a superfluid or superconductor and pinpoint its order parameter. Spin-triplet superfluid $^3$He supports a variety of vortices, calculated and identified so far in bulk fluid. We show numerically that the vortex core in $^3$He is strongly altered near a surface, resulting in a structure inhomogeneous along the vortex line. The effect is asymmetric with respect to the relative orientation of the core order parameter anisotropy axis and the surface normal. In a wide range of external conditions, the vortex structure at the surface is found to be completely different from that in bulk. The effect originates from the combination of spin-orbit interaction in triplet pairing with the symmetry breaking by the surface. As an implication, surface-limited vortex core observations in a triplet-candidate system may not reflect the bulk structure. We propose an experimental verification of the effect by measuring a transition in the vortex structure in thin slabs of superfluid $^3$He-B. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_12682 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Surface-induced vortex core restructuring in a spin-triplet superfluid Rantanen, Riku Huppunen, Mikael Thuneberg, Erkki Eltsov, Vladimir Superconductivity Other Condensed Matter Observing the structure of quantized vortices can provide evidence for the pairing nature of a superfluid or superconductor and pinpoint its order parameter. Spin-triplet superfluid $^3$He supports a variety of vortices, calculated and identified so far in bulk fluid. We show numerically that the vortex core in $^3$He is strongly altered near a surface, resulting in a structure inhomogeneous along the vortex line. The effect is asymmetric with respect to the relative orientation of the core order parameter anisotropy axis and the surface normal. In a wide range of external conditions, the vortex structure at the surface is found to be completely different from that in bulk. The effect originates from the combination of spin-orbit interaction in triplet pairing with the symmetry breaking by the surface. As an implication, surface-limited vortex core observations in a triplet-candidate system may not reflect the bulk structure. We propose an experimental verification of the effect by measuring a transition in the vortex structure in thin slabs of superfluid $^3$He-B. |
| title | Surface-induced vortex core restructuring in a spin-triplet superfluid |
| topic | Superconductivity Other Condensed Matter |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.12682 |