Human Agency, Causality, and the Human Computer Interface in High-Stakes Artificial Intelligence

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Author: Hattab, Georges
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Hattab, Georges
author_facet Hattab, Georges
contents Current discourse on Artificial Intelligence (AI) ethics, dominated by "trustworthy" and "responsible" AI, overlooks a more fundamental human-computer interaction (HCI) crisis: the erosion of human agency. This paper argues that the primary challenge of high-stakes AI systems is not trust, but the preservation of human causal control. We posit that "bad AI" will function as "bad UI," a metaphor for catastrophic interface failures that misrepresent system state and lead to human error. Applying Marshall McLuhan's media theory, AI can be framed as a technology of "augmentation" that simultaneously "amputates" the user's direct perception of causality. This places the interface as the critical locus where a "double uncertainty"--that of the human user and that of the probabilistic model--must be mediated. We critique current Explainable AI (XAI) for its correlational focus and failure to represent uncertainty. We conclude by proposing a rigorous, nested Causal-Agency Framework (CAF) that integrates causal models, uncertainty quantification, and human-centered evaluation to restore agency at the interface.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_12793
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Human Agency, Causality, and the Human Computer Interface in High-Stakes Artificial Intelligence
Hattab, Georges
Human-Computer Interaction
H.5.2; I.2; I.2.7
Current discourse on Artificial Intelligence (AI) ethics, dominated by "trustworthy" and "responsible" AI, overlooks a more fundamental human-computer interaction (HCI) crisis: the erosion of human agency. This paper argues that the primary challenge of high-stakes AI systems is not trust, but the preservation of human causal control. We posit that "bad AI" will function as "bad UI," a metaphor for catastrophic interface failures that misrepresent system state and lead to human error. Applying Marshall McLuhan's media theory, AI can be framed as a technology of "augmentation" that simultaneously "amputates" the user's direct perception of causality. This places the interface as the critical locus where a "double uncertainty"--that of the human user and that of the probabilistic model--must be mediated. We critique current Explainable AI (XAI) for its correlational focus and failure to represent uncertainty. We conclude by proposing a rigorous, nested Causal-Agency Framework (CAF) that integrates causal models, uncertainty quantification, and human-centered evaluation to restore agency at the interface.
title Human Agency, Causality, and the Human Computer Interface in High-Stakes Artificial Intelligence
topic Human-Computer Interaction
H.5.2; I.2; I.2.7
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.12793