How I Wonder What You Are -- JWST's Little Red Dots do not TWINKLE

Fuente: arXiv
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Autori principali: Liu, Zhaoran, Naidu, Rohan P., Secunda, Amy, Greene, Jenny E., Matthee, Jorryt, Chisholm, John, de Graaff, Anna, Robbins, Luke, Antwi-Danso, Jacqueline, Brammer, Gabriel, Sun, Wendy Q., Eilers, Anna-Christina, Fujimoto, Seiji, Furtak, Lukas J., Kara, Erin, Kokorev, Vasily, Marchesini, Danilo, Oesch, Pascal A., Pierel, Justin D. R., Shen, Xuejian, Simcoe, Robert A., Torralba, Alberto, Vogelsberger, Mark
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2026
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author Liu, Zhaoran
Naidu, Rohan P.
Secunda, Amy
Greene, Jenny E.
Matthee, Jorryt
Chisholm, John
de Graaff, Anna
Robbins, Luke
Antwi-Danso, Jacqueline
Brammer, Gabriel
Sun, Wendy Q.
Eilers, Anna-Christina
Fujimoto, Seiji
Furtak, Lukas J.
Kara, Erin
Kokorev, Vasily
Marchesini, Danilo
Oesch, Pascal A.
Pierel, Justin D. R.
Shen, Xuejian
Simcoe, Robert A.
Torralba, Alberto
Vogelsberger, Mark
author_facet Liu, Zhaoran
Naidu, Rohan P.
Secunda, Amy
Greene, Jenny E.
Matthee, Jorryt
Chisholm, John
de Graaff, Anna
Robbins, Luke
Antwi-Danso, Jacqueline
Brammer, Gabriel
Sun, Wendy Q.
Eilers, Anna-Christina
Fujimoto, Seiji
Furtak, Lukas J.
Kara, Erin
Kokorev, Vasily
Marchesini, Danilo
Oesch, Pascal A.
Pierel, Justin D. R.
Shen, Xuejian
Simcoe, Robert A.
Torralba, Alberto
Vogelsberger, Mark
contents Little Red Dots (LRDs) are a population of compact, red sources that have emerged as one of the most puzzling findings of JWST. Variability provides a direct probe of their central engines. Here we present the first joint spectroscopic and photometric time-domain study of LRDs undertaken with the JWST TWINKLE slitless spectroscopy program. Surveying the FRESCO GOODS-North legacy field, TWINKLE monitors a complete, H$α$-flux-limited sample of 18 LRDs at z = 3.9-6.8, achieving a rest-frame baseline of $\sim$140-220 days. We detect no variability in photometry, H$α$ line flux, or line shape across the sample. If LRDs resembled AGN in reverberation mapping samples -- the foundation for black hole mass calibrations and luminosity scaling relations -- we would expect >10 sources to show measurable fluctuations. Observing none implies a 5.9$σ$ deficit. The non-detections hold across all broad H$α$ emitters within TWINKLE's field of view -- the 18 V-shaped LRDs as well as 9 non-LRDs. Comparison with simulated light curves disfavors sub-Eddington accretion and is instead consistent with super-Eddington accretion, other mechanisms that suppress variability, or perhaps no AGN whatsoever. If LRDs do harbor black holes, calibrations derived from sub-Eddington systems may not apply, thereby explaining JWST's apparently "overmassive" black holes. These observations provide unique constraints on the physics of one of the most enigmatic populations discovered by JWST.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2604_13000
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle How I Wonder What You Are -- JWST's Little Red Dots do not TWINKLE
Liu, Zhaoran
Naidu, Rohan P.
Secunda, Amy
Greene, Jenny E.
Matthee, Jorryt
Chisholm, John
de Graaff, Anna
Robbins, Luke
Antwi-Danso, Jacqueline
Brammer, Gabriel
Sun, Wendy Q.
Eilers, Anna-Christina
Fujimoto, Seiji
Furtak, Lukas J.
Kara, Erin
Kokorev, Vasily
Marchesini, Danilo
Oesch, Pascal A.
Pierel, Justin D. R.
Shen, Xuejian
Simcoe, Robert A.
Torralba, Alberto
Vogelsberger, Mark
Astrophysics of Galaxies
Little Red Dots (LRDs) are a population of compact, red sources that have emerged as one of the most puzzling findings of JWST. Variability provides a direct probe of their central engines. Here we present the first joint spectroscopic and photometric time-domain study of LRDs undertaken with the JWST TWINKLE slitless spectroscopy program. Surveying the FRESCO GOODS-North legacy field, TWINKLE monitors a complete, H$α$-flux-limited sample of 18 LRDs at z = 3.9-6.8, achieving a rest-frame baseline of $\sim$140-220 days. We detect no variability in photometry, H$α$ line flux, or line shape across the sample. If LRDs resembled AGN in reverberation mapping samples -- the foundation for black hole mass calibrations and luminosity scaling relations -- we would expect >10 sources to show measurable fluctuations. Observing none implies a 5.9$σ$ deficit. The non-detections hold across all broad H$α$ emitters within TWINKLE's field of view -- the 18 V-shaped LRDs as well as 9 non-LRDs. Comparison with simulated light curves disfavors sub-Eddington accretion and is instead consistent with super-Eddington accretion, other mechanisms that suppress variability, or perhaps no AGN whatsoever. If LRDs do harbor black holes, calibrations derived from sub-Eddington systems may not apply, thereby explaining JWST's apparently "overmassive" black holes. These observations provide unique constraints on the physics of one of the most enigmatic populations discovered by JWST.
title How I Wonder What You Are -- JWST's Little Red Dots do not TWINKLE
topic Astrophysics of Galaxies
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.13000